1
Resources: EC/Controlled Term 3 Test_2022, LDE/NSC_Term 3 Test_2024, WCED Term 3 Revision Booklet 2025. EC/NOVEMBER 2022,
Topographic map – 2627 CD Parys. Orthophoto map – 2627 CD 19 Parys
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and current
examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers, tests and typical
assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and learners are
encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you are unsure
whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination preparation.
They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together with the
Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
CONTENTS
Development 2
Framework for Development 8
Trade and Development 12
Development issues and challenges 21
Role of Development Assistance 25
Map work 31
Geographic information systems (GIS) 35
USE OF ATLASES 37
FIELDWORK 39
Development
Aspects of development:
Standard of living Standard of living is the value of their possessions and savings, the type
of house they live in and whether they own items such as a washing
machine, television, car, telephone and computer.
Quality of life Quality of life is the general well-being of a person. It includes standard
of living, but is also affected by education, healthcare, services, utilities,
environment, and social, political, and religious freedom.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
• Primary economic activities Exploitation of natural resources such as mining,
quarrying, agriculture, fishing, forestry and hunting.
• Secondary economic activities Processing of primary raw materials and
manufacturing of products.
• Tertiary economic activities Service industries, which do not produce any tangible
or physical products. Yet many service industries such as banking, transportation or
insurance assist with manufacturing.
• Quaternary economic activities Research and development required to produce
products from natural resources. It is about providing information and expertise.
• Quinary economic activities. The highest levels of decision-making in a society or
economy.
______________________________________________________________
Important terminology:
NIL Newly industrialized countries
SADC Southern African Development Community
MNC Multinational company
GINI coefficient A measure of how evenly wealth is distributed.
LEDC are characterised by high population growth and minimal industrialisation
Regional level Promoting sustainable development in the Southern African Development
development Community (SADC) countries
Basic needs Providing a community with access to electricity and schools
development
Literacy Rates Social indicators of human development
Human An economic indicator that combines Life Expectancy and level of
Development education.
Index
Gross National Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year including
Product foreign earnings.
Gender Index indicating degree of inequality between men and women in a country.
Inequality Index
Balance of trade The relationship between the value of a country’s exports and imports.
Balance of Financial summary of all payments made by a country.
payments
Gross Domestic The total value of goods and services produced within the boundaries of a
Product country in one year.
Trade Bloc A group of countries that have agreed to trade with one another.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Refer to the map and data comparing global levels of development:
Caption line A =North-south divide / Brandt Line
An appropriate term for region B
• Rich North OR More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC) OR Developed countries
An appropriate term for region C
• Poor South OR Less Economically Developed Countries (LDCs) OR Developing countries
Economic activity in region B has the largest contribution to GDP
• Tertiary
Economic activity in region C has the largest contribution to GDP
• Primary
Region Will have the highest birth rate and the lowest life expectancy. The largest portion of the
population in region C lives in the rural areas.
Region B - The highest level of urbanisation
___________________________________________________________________
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
Resources: EC/Controlled Term 3 Test_2022, LDE/NSC_Term 3 Test_2024, WCED Term 3 Revision Booklet 2025. EC/NOVEMBER 2022,
Topographic map – 2627 CD Parys. Orthophoto map – 2627 CD 19 Parys
IMAGES: Canva and AI-generated images based on typical examination-style questions.
Important:
These study notes are revised and updated annually to align with the CAPS curriculum and current
examination requirements. The content is based on past examination papers, tests and typical
assessment question patterns.
The content was adapted and structured for examination preparation purposes. AI tools were used
to assist with formatting, rephrasing and differentiation.
These notes are designed to help learners:
• Understand key concepts
• Practise exam-style questions
• Identify important themes and patterns in assessments
• Revise important content in a structured way
To ensure learners work with the most relevant and up-to-date content, parents and learners are
encouraged to confirm that they are using the latest version of the notes. If you are unsure
whether you have the latest version, please feel free to contact me at:
Please note that these notes are compiled as a structured study aid for examination preparation.
They do not replace the prescribed textbook or classroom instruction.
Important: Learners can use the Term 3 notes for focused Term 3 preparation. Where
applicable, it is also recommended that learners revise Term 1 and Term 2 notes together with the
Term 3 notes.
Good luck
Juffrou Ansie
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 2
CONTENTS
Development 2
Framework for Development 8
Trade and Development 12
Development issues and challenges 21
Role of Development Assistance 25
Map work 31
Geographic information systems (GIS) 35
USE OF ATLASES 37
FIELDWORK 39
Development
Aspects of development:
Standard of living Standard of living is the value of their possessions and savings, the type
of house they live in and whether they own items such as a washing
machine, television, car, telephone and computer.
Quality of life Quality of life is the general well-being of a person. It includes standard
of living, but is also affected by education, healthcare, services, utilities,
environment, and social, political, and religious freedom.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 3
• Primary economic activities Exploitation of natural resources such as mining,
quarrying, agriculture, fishing, forestry and hunting.
• Secondary economic activities Processing of primary raw materials and
manufacturing of products.
• Tertiary economic activities Service industries, which do not produce any tangible
or physical products. Yet many service industries such as banking, transportation or
insurance assist with manufacturing.
• Quaternary economic activities Research and development required to produce
products from natural resources. It is about providing information and expertise.
• Quinary economic activities. The highest levels of decision-making in a society or
economy.
______________________________________________________________
Important terminology:
NIL Newly industrialized countries
SADC Southern African Development Community
MNC Multinational company
GINI coefficient A measure of how evenly wealth is distributed.
LEDC are characterised by high population growth and minimal industrialisation
Regional level Promoting sustainable development in the Southern African Development
development Community (SADC) countries
Basic needs Providing a community with access to electricity and schools
development
Literacy Rates Social indicators of human development
Human An economic indicator that combines Life Expectancy and level of
Development education.
Index
Gross National Total value of goods and services produced by a country in a year including
Product foreign earnings.
Gender Index indicating degree of inequality between men and women in a country.
Inequality Index
Balance of trade The relationship between the value of a country’s exports and imports.
Balance of Financial summary of all payments made by a country.
payments
Gross Domestic The total value of goods and services produced within the boundaries of a
Product country in one year.
Trade Bloc A group of countries that have agreed to trade with one another.
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
, 4
Refer to the map and data comparing global levels of development:
Caption line A =North-south divide / Brandt Line
An appropriate term for region B
• Rich North OR More Economically Developed Countries (MEDC) OR Developed countries
An appropriate term for region C
• Poor South OR Less Economically Developed Countries (LDCs) OR Developing countries
Economic activity in region B has the largest contribution to GDP
• Tertiary
Economic activity in region C has the largest contribution to GDP
• Primary
Region Will have the highest birth rate and the lowest life expectancy. The largest portion of the
population in region C lives in the rural areas.
Region B - The highest level of urbanisation
___________________________________________________________________
© 2026 Juffrou Ansie Study Notes. All rights reserved. This material may not be reproduced or distributed without written permission.
