ACE YOUR NUR 283 EXAM: COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ this is called a R on T phenomenon
Causes vtach or torsades de point. Answer: What happens if pt is
shocked mid repolarization between the S-T?
◍ CO= HR x SV. Answer: What is the cardiac output formula?
◍ CO- 4-6 pink
warm and dry
>30 ml/hr UO
SBP >90
AOx4
MAP >60
Skin perusing cap refill <2second. Answer: What are signs and
symptoms that cardiac output is good?
◍ CVP 2-6 mmHg
Hypo/hypervolemic. Answer: What is the range for CVP?
◍ signs of hyper/hypovolemia
,hypovolemic= skin tenting & dry
mucous membranes decreased CVP <
2
Hypervolemic= Fluid overload/edema increased CVP >6.
Answer: What are signs and symptoms of a preload problem?
◍ - if hypovolemic give fluids, albumin, blood
-if hypervolemic give a diuretic. Answer: How are CO problems
related to Preload/SV treated?
◍ 1. is CO low?
2. Did the HR change?
3. Preload: What is CVP? hypo/hypervolemic s/s?
If normal move on...
4. Afterload, what is their BP? High or low?
if normal must be contractility...
5. (+) inotrope needed to increase contractility. Answer: What are the
steps to determine the cause of low cardiac output?
◍ BP over 140
, BP below 90. Answer: If preload is fine and HR is fine it may be an
afterload problem. What changes do you look for in an SV/afterload
problem?
◍ you need to reduce the BP, administer any kind of antihypertensive
medication
ACE, ARB, BB, CCB. Answer: If SV BP is over 140 what treatment
is expected?
◍ You need to increase the BP administer a
vasopressor/vasoconstrictor
Epi, Neo, dopamine, vasopressin, norepi. Answer: If SV BP is under
90 what treatment is expected?
◍ Poor contractility
Administer a (+) inotrope
Epi Digoxin
dobutamine
milronone.
Answer: If
both
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ this is called a R on T phenomenon
Causes vtach or torsades de point. Answer: What happens if pt is
shocked mid repolarization between the S-T?
◍ CO= HR x SV. Answer: What is the cardiac output formula?
◍ CO- 4-6 pink
warm and dry
>30 ml/hr UO
SBP >90
AOx4
MAP >60
Skin perusing cap refill <2second. Answer: What are signs and
symptoms that cardiac output is good?
◍ CVP 2-6 mmHg
Hypo/hypervolemic. Answer: What is the range for CVP?
◍ signs of hyper/hypovolemia
,hypovolemic= skin tenting & dry
mucous membranes decreased CVP <
2
Hypervolemic= Fluid overload/edema increased CVP >6.
Answer: What are signs and symptoms of a preload problem?
◍ - if hypovolemic give fluids, albumin, blood
-if hypervolemic give a diuretic. Answer: How are CO problems
related to Preload/SV treated?
◍ 1. is CO low?
2. Did the HR change?
3. Preload: What is CVP? hypo/hypervolemic s/s?
If normal move on...
4. Afterload, what is their BP? High or low?
if normal must be contractility...
5. (+) inotrope needed to increase contractility. Answer: What are the
steps to determine the cause of low cardiac output?
◍ BP over 140
, BP below 90. Answer: If preload is fine and HR is fine it may be an
afterload problem. What changes do you look for in an SV/afterload
problem?
◍ you need to reduce the BP, administer any kind of antihypertensive
medication
ACE, ARB, BB, CCB. Answer: If SV BP is over 140 what treatment
is expected?
◍ You need to increase the BP administer a
vasopressor/vasoconstrictor
Epi, Neo, dopamine, vasopressin, norepi. Answer: If SV BP is under
90 what treatment is expected?
◍ Poor contractility
Administer a (+) inotrope
Epi Digoxin
dobutamine
milronone.
Answer: If
both
