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Question 1
What is the primary purpose of descriptive
statistics?
A) To make predictions about populations
B) To summarize and organize data
C) To test hypotheses
D) To determine causation
Answer: B
Rationale: Descriptive statistics focuses on
,summarizing, organizing, and presenting data in a
meaningful way through measures of central
tendency, dispersion, and graphical
representations.
Question 2
Which measure of central tendency is most affected
by extreme outliers?
A) Median
B) Mode
C) Mean
D) Range
Answer: C
Rationale: The mean is sensitive to extreme values
because it incorporates every data point in its
calculation. A single outlier can significantly shift
the mean, whereas the median remains stable.
,Question 3
For a perfectly symmetrical distribution, which
statement is true?
A) Mean > Median > Mode
B) Mean < Median < Mode
C) Mean = Median = Mode
D) Mean ≠ Median ≠ Mode
Answer: C
Rationale: In a perfectly symmetrical (normal)
distribution, the mean, median, and mode all
coincide at the center of the distribution.
Question 4
The standard deviation measures:
A) The center of the data
B) The spread of data around the mean
C) The most frequent value
D) The midpoint of the data
, Answer: B
Rationale: Standard deviation quantifies the
average distance of each data point from the
mean, providing a measure of data dispersion or
variability.
Question 5
If the variance of a dataset is 36, what is the
standard deviation?
A) 6
B) 1296
C) 18
D) 9
Answer: A
Rationale: Standard deviation is the square root of
variance. √36 = 6.
Question 6
What is the interquartile range (IQR)?