NSG 350 WVU FINAL EXAM | COMPREHENSIVE EVIDENCE-BASED
NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
2026/2027
Peer-reviewed articles - ANS ✔✔- Accepts articles using blind peer assessment
- When an expert in the same field looks at the manuscript and edits the content.
-The producer sends the manuscript to an editor, where you forward your title and credentials. The
editor then sends it to officials in the field of your research without your title and credentials for fair
evaluation
how to use guidelines - ANS ✔✔- Guidelines are used and often transformed when translated into
practice standards and clinical protocols
- Intended to be generic
clinical practice guidelines - ANS ✔✔- provides recommendations to aid in developing
protocols/standards- will include graded evidence and strength of recommendations
advantages of guidelines: - ANS ✔✔o Saves time
o Easy to use
o Usually greater expertise of composers of guidelines
Guideline "must haves": - ANS ✔✔o Developed by a team
o Provides a clear method to how the guideline was developed
o Graded based on 'strength' of evidence
o Gives clear recommendations
PICO is a - ANS ✔✔-foreground question
-A specific question that when answered provides evidence to support clinical decision making
PICO goal - ANS ✔✔find best evidence
PICO abbreviations - ANS ✔✔- P: population
- I: intervention
- C: comparison
- O: outcomes
Representative sample - ANS ✔✔- persons (subjects) chosen from a target population to participate in a
study
Representative sample example - ANS ✔✔o Adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes treated at WVU
endocrine who met criteria and chose to participate in the study)
o Representative of target population
representative sampling criteria - ANS ✔✔o list of characteristics for eligibility in target population
(inclusion, exclusion, homogenous, heterogenous)
, representative sample methods of sampling - ANS ✔✔o : probability (random) and non probability (non
random)
Probability sampling - ANS ✔✔- random- each person in population have opportunity to be selected for
sample - increases representativeness
non-probability sampling - ANS ✔✔nonrandom - not every person has opportunity for selection in
sample- decreases representativeness
representativeness - ANS ✔✔o Accessible and target population are alike in many ways as possible
o ex. researchers obtain sample from accessible and generalize to target (generalization)
population - ANS ✔✔- large group of persons with common characteristics
o Ex: adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes
target population - ANS ✔✔- group whom the researchers think their findings are applicable
o (adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes who live in Appalachian)
o Inclusion: must possess to be part of the target population (ex. must speak english)
o Exclusion: characteristics that can exclude from the target population (ex. does not speak english)
heterogeneous - ANS ✔✔▪ broadly defined criteria
homogeneous - ANS ✔✔▪ (similar) narrowly defined criteria
reliability - ANS ✔✔- consistency of measurement
o Ex: a scale that is properly calibrate, a research assistant who collects BP same way each time
validity - ANS ✔✔- : "true" - accurately measures underlying concept (captures the totality of the
concept)
o Ex: measurement that truly captures 'stress' rather than 'anxiety'
extraneous variable - ANS ✔✔- "other things" that may interfere with interventions (may interfere w/
outcome)
o Goal is to control extraneous variables to ensure outcome from the intended intervention NOT
extraneous variables
o Researcher tries to predict and control
trigger for EBP projects - ANS ✔✔quality indicators not ideal for good patient outcomes (goal of EBP is
positive patient outcomes)
EBP combines - ANS ✔✔o Best research evidence
o Clinical expertise
o Patient values and needs
o Cost effective care
EBP is - ANS ✔✔our map in directing change in the way care is delivered OR confirming the direction we
are going is best for our patients
NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & ANSWERS
2026/2027
Peer-reviewed articles - ANS ✔✔- Accepts articles using blind peer assessment
- When an expert in the same field looks at the manuscript and edits the content.
-The producer sends the manuscript to an editor, where you forward your title and credentials. The
editor then sends it to officials in the field of your research without your title and credentials for fair
evaluation
how to use guidelines - ANS ✔✔- Guidelines are used and often transformed when translated into
practice standards and clinical protocols
- Intended to be generic
clinical practice guidelines - ANS ✔✔- provides recommendations to aid in developing
protocols/standards- will include graded evidence and strength of recommendations
advantages of guidelines: - ANS ✔✔o Saves time
o Easy to use
o Usually greater expertise of composers of guidelines
Guideline "must haves": - ANS ✔✔o Developed by a team
o Provides a clear method to how the guideline was developed
o Graded based on 'strength' of evidence
o Gives clear recommendations
PICO is a - ANS ✔✔-foreground question
-A specific question that when answered provides evidence to support clinical decision making
PICO goal - ANS ✔✔find best evidence
PICO abbreviations - ANS ✔✔- P: population
- I: intervention
- C: comparison
- O: outcomes
Representative sample - ANS ✔✔- persons (subjects) chosen from a target population to participate in a
study
Representative sample example - ANS ✔✔o Adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes treated at WVU
endocrine who met criteria and chose to participate in the study)
o Representative of target population
representative sampling criteria - ANS ✔✔o list of characteristics for eligibility in target population
(inclusion, exclusion, homogenous, heterogenous)
, representative sample methods of sampling - ANS ✔✔o : probability (random) and non probability (non
random)
Probability sampling - ANS ✔✔- random- each person in population have opportunity to be selected for
sample - increases representativeness
non-probability sampling - ANS ✔✔nonrandom - not every person has opportunity for selection in
sample- decreases representativeness
representativeness - ANS ✔✔o Accessible and target population are alike in many ways as possible
o ex. researchers obtain sample from accessible and generalize to target (generalization)
population - ANS ✔✔- large group of persons with common characteristics
o Ex: adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes
target population - ANS ✔✔- group whom the researchers think their findings are applicable
o (adults w/ insulin dependent diabetes who live in Appalachian)
o Inclusion: must possess to be part of the target population (ex. must speak english)
o Exclusion: characteristics that can exclude from the target population (ex. does not speak english)
heterogeneous - ANS ✔✔▪ broadly defined criteria
homogeneous - ANS ✔✔▪ (similar) narrowly defined criteria
reliability - ANS ✔✔- consistency of measurement
o Ex: a scale that is properly calibrate, a research assistant who collects BP same way each time
validity - ANS ✔✔- : "true" - accurately measures underlying concept (captures the totality of the
concept)
o Ex: measurement that truly captures 'stress' rather than 'anxiety'
extraneous variable - ANS ✔✔- "other things" that may interfere with interventions (may interfere w/
outcome)
o Goal is to control extraneous variables to ensure outcome from the intended intervention NOT
extraneous variables
o Researcher tries to predict and control
trigger for EBP projects - ANS ✔✔quality indicators not ideal for good patient outcomes (goal of EBP is
positive patient outcomes)
EBP combines - ANS ✔✔o Best research evidence
o Clinical expertise
o Patient values and needs
o Cost effective care
EBP is - ANS ✔✔our map in directing change in the way care is delivered OR confirming the direction we
are going is best for our patients
