NRS 3025 FINAL EXAM 2026/2027 | NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
arthroplasty - correct answer ✔✔surgical removal of a diseased joint due to osteoarthritis,
osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma or congenital anomalies
Arthroplasty contraindications - correct answer ✔✔-Recent or active infection
-arterial impairment
-client inability to follow postsurgical regimen
-comorbidities (uncontrolled DM, HTN, advanced osteoporosis, progressive inflammatory condition,
unstable cardiac or respiratory conditions)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (preprocedural) - correct answer ✔✔-review diagnostic test results
(CBC, urinalysis, electrolytes, BUN Cr)
-Chest x ray to rule out pulmonary contraindications
-ECG to identify contraindications (dysrhythmia)
-Scrub surgical site with antiseptic (infection prophylaxis)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (post procedure) - correct answer ✔✔-Monitor for infection
-Monitor for DVT, PE, or bleeding if on anticoagulant
-Neurovascular assessments
-analgesics
-antibiotics
-early ambulation
arthroplasty complications - correct answer ✔✔-joint dislocation
-infection
-anemia
-neurovascular compromise
Osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-chronic metabolic bone disorder resulting in low bone density
osteoporosis prevention - correct answer ✔✔- consume adequate calcium and vitamin D
-weight bearing exercises
primary osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-caused by natural changes to bone mass and strength that
come with age
-common in post-menopausal women
secondary osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-results from medical conditions (hyperparathyroidism,
hyperthyroidism, DM, Cushings, RA, bone cancer, female hypogonadism, GH deficiency, chronic airway
disorders that affect Ca absorption)
-loop diuretics, corticosteroids, thyroid meds, anticonvulsants
-lack of weight bearing
Osteoporosis RF - correct answer ✔✔-family history, lean body build
, -low calcium intake
-tobacco use
-excess caffeine
-high phosphorous intake
osteoporosis manifestations - correct answer ✔✔-reduced height of 2-3 inches
-acute back pain when bending or lifting
-restriction in movement or spinal deformity
-history of fractures
-kyphosis
-pain palpating over affected area
Osteoporosis Labs - correct answer ✔✔-blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous, hematocrit, ESR, and
alkaline phosphatase levels to R/O other metabolic bone diseases
-24 hr urine can evaluate calcium excretion
-bone turnover markers to measure bone formation and resorption
Osteoporosis Diagnostics - correct answer ✔✔-Radiography of spine and long bones reveal density and
fractures
-DXA: screens for early changes in bone density on hip or spine
-MRI: provide info about bone density w/o exposing client to radiation, areas show decreased perfusion
Osteoporosis nursing care - correct answer ✔✔-instruct on dietary calcium sources
-reinforce need for Vit D
-encourage weight bearing exercise
-assess home environment for safety
osteoporosis meds - correct answer ✔✔-Calcium and Vit D can slow or prevent
-Calcium carbonate./calcium citrate
-Bisphosphonates: decreases number and actions of osteoclasts
Other osteoporosis treatments - correct answer ✔✔-orthotic devices
-Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty
Osteoarthritis - correct answer ✔✔-noninflammatory degenerative disorder of joints
-primary: idiopathic
-secondary: resulting from previous joint injury or inflammatory disease
Osteoarthritis RF - correct answer ✔✔-Age
-Genetics
-Joint injury due to acute or repetitive stress
-obesity
-metabolic disorder (DM, sickle cell)
-females
osteoarthritis manifestations - correct answer ✔✔-joint pain and stiffness
-pain with joint palpation or ROM
-crepitus
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
arthroplasty - correct answer ✔✔surgical removal of a diseased joint due to osteoarthritis,
osteonecrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, trauma or congenital anomalies
Arthroplasty contraindications - correct answer ✔✔-Recent or active infection
-arterial impairment
-client inability to follow postsurgical regimen
-comorbidities (uncontrolled DM, HTN, advanced osteoporosis, progressive inflammatory condition,
unstable cardiac or respiratory conditions)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (preprocedural) - correct answer ✔✔-review diagnostic test results
(CBC, urinalysis, electrolytes, BUN Cr)
-Chest x ray to rule out pulmonary contraindications
-ECG to identify contraindications (dysrhythmia)
-Scrub surgical site with antiseptic (infection prophylaxis)
Nursing actions for arthroplasty (post procedure) - correct answer ✔✔-Monitor for infection
-Monitor for DVT, PE, or bleeding if on anticoagulant
-Neurovascular assessments
-analgesics
-antibiotics
-early ambulation
arthroplasty complications - correct answer ✔✔-joint dislocation
-infection
-anemia
-neurovascular compromise
Osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-chronic metabolic bone disorder resulting in low bone density
osteoporosis prevention - correct answer ✔✔- consume adequate calcium and vitamin D
-weight bearing exercises
primary osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-caused by natural changes to bone mass and strength that
come with age
-common in post-menopausal women
secondary osteoporosis - correct answer ✔✔-results from medical conditions (hyperparathyroidism,
hyperthyroidism, DM, Cushings, RA, bone cancer, female hypogonadism, GH deficiency, chronic airway
disorders that affect Ca absorption)
-loop diuretics, corticosteroids, thyroid meds, anticonvulsants
-lack of weight bearing
Osteoporosis RF - correct answer ✔✔-family history, lean body build
, -low calcium intake
-tobacco use
-excess caffeine
-high phosphorous intake
osteoporosis manifestations - correct answer ✔✔-reduced height of 2-3 inches
-acute back pain when bending or lifting
-restriction in movement or spinal deformity
-history of fractures
-kyphosis
-pain palpating over affected area
Osteoporosis Labs - correct answer ✔✔-blood calcium, vitamin D, phosphorous, hematocrit, ESR, and
alkaline phosphatase levels to R/O other metabolic bone diseases
-24 hr urine can evaluate calcium excretion
-bone turnover markers to measure bone formation and resorption
Osteoporosis Diagnostics - correct answer ✔✔-Radiography of spine and long bones reveal density and
fractures
-DXA: screens for early changes in bone density on hip or spine
-MRI: provide info about bone density w/o exposing client to radiation, areas show decreased perfusion
Osteoporosis nursing care - correct answer ✔✔-instruct on dietary calcium sources
-reinforce need for Vit D
-encourage weight bearing exercise
-assess home environment for safety
osteoporosis meds - correct answer ✔✔-Calcium and Vit D can slow or prevent
-Calcium carbonate./calcium citrate
-Bisphosphonates: decreases number and actions of osteoclasts
Other osteoporosis treatments - correct answer ✔✔-orthotic devices
-Vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty
Osteoarthritis - correct answer ✔✔-noninflammatory degenerative disorder of joints
-primary: idiopathic
-secondary: resulting from previous joint injury or inflammatory disease
Osteoarthritis RF - correct answer ✔✔-Age
-Genetics
-Joint injury due to acute or repetitive stress
-obesity
-metabolic disorder (DM, sickle cell)
-females
osteoarthritis manifestations - correct answer ✔✔-joint pain and stiffness
-pain with joint palpation or ROM
-crepitus
