NR 662 FINAL EXAM – ADVANCED NURSING ROLE
SYNTHESIS COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS LATEST STUDY GUIDE (2026)
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce thyroid hormones?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) Growth hormone
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the anterior
pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid
hormones. Growth hormone stimulates growth, ACTH stimulates the
adrenal cortex, and FSH stimulates gamete production. TSH is regulated
by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
2. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and increases
water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone
,Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and
increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts. Oxytocin
stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection. Prolactin is an anterior
pituitary hormone, and aldosterone is an adrenal mineralocorticoid.
3. A patient has hyponatremia, normal plasma volume, and a history of
small cell carcinoma. Which condition is most likely?
A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Adrenal insufficiency
C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
D) Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Rationale: SIADH is characterized by excessive ADH, impaired water
excretion, and euvolemic hyponatremia. Small cell carcinoma is a known
cause. Diabetes insipidus causes hypernatremia and polyuria, not
hyponatremia.
4. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of diabetes insipidus?
A) Oliguria and hyponatremia
B) Weight gain and edema
C) Hypertension and bradycardia
D) Polyuria and hypernatremia
Correct Answer: D) Polyuria and hypernatremia
,Rationale: Diabetes insipidus results from inadequate ADH effect, causing
inability to concentrate urine. This leads to polyuria, hypernatremia,
dehydration, and thirst. Oliguria and hyponatremia are characteristic of
SIADH.
5. A patient with diabetes insipidus is started on desmopressin.
Which therapeutic effect is expected?
A) Decreased urine output and increased urine concentration
B) Increased urine output and decreased urine concentration
C) Decreased thirst and increased urine output
D) Increased thirst and decreased urine concentration
Correct Answer: A) Decreased urine output and increased urine concentration
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH analog used for neurogenic
diabetes insipidus. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing
urine output and increasing urine concentration. This corrects polyuria and
hypernatremia.
6. Which hormone is an amino acid derivative hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Estradiol
D) Glucagon
Correct Answer: B) Epinephrine
, Rationale: Epinephrine is an amino acid derivative hormone, as indicated
by the "-ine" ending. Insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones. Estradiol
is a lipid-derived steroid hormone. Catecholamines are synthesized from
tyrosine.
7. Which hormone is a lipid-derived hormone?
A) Thyroxine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C) Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone is a lipid-derived steroid hormone, as indicated by
the "-one" ending. Thyroxine and norepinephrine are amino acid
derivatives, and oxytocin is a peptide hormone. Steroid hormones are
derived from cholesterol.
8. Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Growth hormone
D) Prolactin
Correct Answer: D) Prolactin
Rationale: Prolactin is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk
production. Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and testosterone
SYNTHESIS COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS &
ANSWERS LATEST STUDY GUIDE (2026)
CHAMBERLAIN
1. Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland to
produce thyroid hormones?
A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
B) Growth hormone
C) Adrenocorticotropic hormone
D) Follicle-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: A) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Rationale: Thyroid-stimulating hormone is produced by the anterior
pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to synthesize and release thyroid
hormones. Growth hormone stimulates growth, ACTH stimulates the
adrenal cortex, and FSH stimulates gamete production. TSH is regulated
by thyrotropin-releasing hormone.
2. Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and increases
water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) Oxytocin
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Prolactin
D) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: B) Antidiuretic hormone
,Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary and
increases water reabsorption in the renal collecting ducts. Oxytocin
stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection. Prolactin is an anterior
pituitary hormone, and aldosterone is an adrenal mineralocorticoid.
3. A patient has hyponatremia, normal plasma volume, and a history of
small cell carcinoma. Which condition is most likely?
A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Adrenal insufficiency
C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
D) Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: C) Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
Rationale: SIADH is characterized by excessive ADH, impaired water
excretion, and euvolemic hyponatremia. Small cell carcinoma is a known
cause. Diabetes insipidus causes hypernatremia and polyuria, not
hyponatremia.
4. Which clinical manifestation is most characteristic of diabetes insipidus?
A) Oliguria and hyponatremia
B) Weight gain and edema
C) Hypertension and bradycardia
D) Polyuria and hypernatremia
Correct Answer: D) Polyuria and hypernatremia
,Rationale: Diabetes insipidus results from inadequate ADH effect, causing
inability to concentrate urine. This leads to polyuria, hypernatremia,
dehydration, and thirst. Oliguria and hyponatremia are characteristic of
SIADH.
5. A patient with diabetes insipidus is started on desmopressin.
Which therapeutic effect is expected?
A) Decreased urine output and increased urine concentration
B) Increased urine output and decreased urine concentration
C) Decreased thirst and increased urine output
D) Increased thirst and decreased urine concentration
Correct Answer: A) Decreased urine output and increased urine concentration
Rationale: Desmopressin is a synthetic ADH analog used for neurogenic
diabetes insipidus. It increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing
urine output and increasing urine concentration. This corrects polyuria and
hypernatremia.
6. Which hormone is an amino acid derivative hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Epinephrine
C) Estradiol
D) Glucagon
Correct Answer: B) Epinephrine
, Rationale: Epinephrine is an amino acid derivative hormone, as indicated
by the "-ine" ending. Insulin and glucagon are peptide hormones. Estradiol
is a lipid-derived steroid hormone. Catecholamines are synthesized from
tyrosine.
7. Which hormone is a lipid-derived hormone?
A) Thyroxine
B) Norepinephrine
C) Aldosterone
D) Oxytocin
Correct Answer: C) Aldosterone
Rationale: Aldosterone is a lipid-derived steroid hormone, as indicated by
the "-one" ending. Thyroxine and norepinephrine are amino acid
derivatives, and oxytocin is a peptide hormone. Steroid hormones are
derived from cholesterol.
8. Which anterior pituitary hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Luteinizing hormone
B) Follicle-stimulating hormone
C) Growth hormone
D) Prolactin
Correct Answer: D) Prolactin
Rationale: Prolactin is an anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates milk
production. Luteinizing hormone triggers ovulation and testosterone
