PORTAGE LEARNING BIOL 251 FINAL
EXAM | HUMAN ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is the study of the function of the human body?
A) Anatomy
B) Histology
C) Physiology
D) Cytology
Correct Answer: C – Physiology
Rationale: Physiology is the study of the function of the human body, while anatomy is
the study of its structure. Histology is the study of tissues, and cytology is the study of
cells. The principle of complementarity states that structure determines function .
QUESTION 2
,What is the correct order of the levels of structural organization in the human
body, from simplest to most complex?
A) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
B) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
C) Chemical → Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
D) Tissue → Cellular → Chemical → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
Correct Answer: B – Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System →
Organismal
Rationale: The levels of structural organization, from simplest to most complex, are:
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal. Atoms combine
to form molecules, which combine to form cells. Cells combine to form tissues, which
combine to form organs .
QUESTION 3
Which anatomical orientation term indicates "toward the front of the body"?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Ventral
D) Dorsal
Correct Answer: C – Ventral
Rationale: Ventral (anterior) means toward the front of the body. Dorsal (posterior)
means toward the back. Superior means toward the head, and inferior means toward
the lower part of a structure .
QUESTION 4
Which anatomical action term describes moving a limb away from the midline of
the body?
, A) Adduction
B) Abduction
C) Flexion
D) Extension
Correct Answer: B – Abduction
Rationale: Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body. Adduction is
movement toward the midline. Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, and extension
increases the angle .
QUESTION 5
The body is divided into superior and inferior sections by which type of plane?
A) Sagittal plane
B) Frontal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C – Transverse plane
Rationale: A transverse (horizontal) plane divides the body into superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) sections. A sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections. A
frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections .
QUESTION 6
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
A) Heart and lungs
B) Stomach and liver
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Correct Answer: B – Stomach and liver
EXAM | HUMAN ANATOMY &
PHYSIOLOGY I WITH LAB | QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS | 2026 UPDATE | WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS.
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION TO ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
QUESTION 1
Which of the following is the study of the function of the human body?
A) Anatomy
B) Histology
C) Physiology
D) Cytology
Correct Answer: C – Physiology
Rationale: Physiology is the study of the function of the human body, while anatomy is
the study of its structure. Histology is the study of tissues, and cytology is the study of
cells. The principle of complementarity states that structure determines function .
QUESTION 2
,What is the correct order of the levels of structural organization in the human
body, from simplest to most complex?
A) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
B) Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
C) Chemical → Tissue → Cellular → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
D) Tissue → Cellular → Chemical → Organ → Organ System → Organismal
Correct Answer: B – Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System →
Organismal
Rationale: The levels of structural organization, from simplest to most complex, are:
Chemical → Cellular → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organismal. Atoms combine
to form molecules, which combine to form cells. Cells combine to form tissues, which
combine to form organs .
QUESTION 3
Which anatomical orientation term indicates "toward the front of the body"?
A) Superior
B) Inferior
C) Ventral
D) Dorsal
Correct Answer: C – Ventral
Rationale: Ventral (anterior) means toward the front of the body. Dorsal (posterior)
means toward the back. Superior means toward the head, and inferior means toward
the lower part of a structure .
QUESTION 4
Which anatomical action term describes moving a limb away from the midline of
the body?
, A) Adduction
B) Abduction
C) Flexion
D) Extension
Correct Answer: B – Abduction
Rationale: Abduction is movement away from the midline of the body. Adduction is
movement toward the midline. Flexion decreases the angle at a joint, and extension
increases the angle .
QUESTION 5
The body is divided into superior and inferior sections by which type of plane?
A) Sagittal plane
B) Frontal plane
C) Transverse plane
D) Oblique plane
Correct Answer: C – Transverse plane
Rationale: A transverse (horizontal) plane divides the body into superior (upper) and
inferior (lower) sections. A sagittal plane divides the body into left and right sections. A
frontal plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections .
QUESTION 6
List two organs contained in the abdominal cavity.
A) Heart and lungs
B) Stomach and liver
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Correct Answer: B – Stomach and liver
