Final Exam - Practice Questions With Correct Answers Graded A+.

What is the only artery in the body to carry blood that is poor in oxygen? - correct answers Pulmonary Artery What is the only vein in the body to carry blood that is rich in oxygen? - correct answers Pulmonary Vein What is the use of a defibrillator? - correct answers An apparatus used to control heart fibrillation by application of an electric current to the chest wall or heart. What is Angina - correct answers Chest Pains Two Types: 1. Stable: Exercise = Chest pains that go away 2. Unstable: Chest pains that don't go away What are the risk factors that increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI)? - correct answers Smoking Obesity Physical Inactivity Family History Gender Age What is the action of the semilunar valves? - correct answers Which two sites of the myosin heads on the thick filament are used to generate a muscle's mechanical force? - correct answers Actin binding site and ATPase What is the name for the dark striation observed under the microscope that is due to the overlap of thick and thin filaments? - correct answers A band What does calcium do to help the muscle contract? - correct answers Binds to troponin, exposing myosin binding sites What happens in the power stroke? - correct answers Myosin pulls actin toward the middle of the sarcomere In addition to helping improve health in certain disease states, such as diabetes, what does aerobic exercise do to healthy muscles? - correct answers Increase mitochondria and decreases muscle fiber diameter What are the properties of fast glycolytic muscle, which has less red blood vessels and mitochondria and dominates in white meat? - correct answers Fast, strong contractions that fatigue quickly When a muscle participates in light exercise, in which order does it rely on energy sources? - correct answers Stored glycogen, then blood glucose and fatty acids, then mostly fatty acids from the blood What is required to end a smooth muscle contraction? - correct answers Phosphates enzymes in inactive myosin The heart can relax completely and fill between contractions in part because summation is not possible. Why can't summation of cardiac muscle contractions occur? - correct answers Cardiac action potentials are broad and last for hundreds of milliseconds What are the large chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and body? - correct answers Ventricles What is the order of vasculature from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart? - correct answers Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins Where does the blood go just after it flows through the superior vena cava? - correct answers Right atrium In which way does most blood in the systemic circuit flow to organs? - correct answers In parallel Which valves help keep blood flowing in one direction, from receiving chambers of the heart to the pumping chambers of the heart? - correct answers Atrioventricular valves Which valves help keep blood flowing in one direction, from the heart to the body and lungs? - correct answers Semilunar valves When the ventricles are contracted, what is the state of the valves? - correct answers Bicuspid and tricuspid valves closed, semilunar valve open Which two types of autorhythmic cells coordinate and provide rhythm to the heartbeat? - correct answers Pacemakers and conduction fibers What are the two concentrations of pacemaker cells in the myocardium called? - correct answers Atrioventricular and sinoatrial nodes What is the electrical pathway of the heart, in order? - correct answers SA node Internodal pathways AV node Bundle of HIs Bundle branches Perkinje fibers What happens during the QRS complex? - correct answers Ventricular depolarization and atrial repolarization What is the mean arterial pressure (MAP)? - correct answers Average aortic pressure during the cardiac cucle What happens during isovolumetric contraction? - correct answers (Phase 2 of the cardiac cycle) AV and semilunar valves are closed and ventricles contracting What are the factors that increase stroke volume? - correct answers Increased end-diastolic volume Increased contractility Decreased arterial pressure Afterload Cardiac output decreases with decreased stroke volume (SV) and heart rate (HR). How do sympathetic and parasympathetic activity act? - correct answers Decreased sympathetic activity decreases SV and HR; increased parasympathetic activity and decreases HR. Which of the following is NOT part of the conducting zone? Larynx Bronchi Terminal Bronchioles Respiratory Bronchioles - correct answers Respiratory Bronchioles What is the order of air flow from the nasal cavity? - correct answers Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles, Alveoli Cartilage and goblet cells cease in which respiratory structures? - correct answers No more cartilage: bronchioles; no more goblet cells: terminal bronchioles