midterm practice exam questions and correct detailed answers.

the type of fallacy that is to the person - correct answers ad hominem rush limbaugh's referring to barack obama as obama ossama is an example of - correct answers ad hominem it is rational to judge people's actions by the company they keep - correct answers sometimes the fallacy of common practice is committed when - correct answers a wrong is justified by appeal to the fact that lots of others do it in common use equivocation has connotations of - correct answers deception accepting the word of an authority when we shouldn't is the fallacy of - correct answers appeal to authority when a celebrity endorses a product, this proves - correct answers nothing about the product when authorities disagree we should - correct answers become our own experts, and come to our own conclusions the fallacy of inconsistency is often committed by - correct answers politicians when a company ignores its own policies for expediency it is guilty of - correct answers organizational inconsistency the straw man fallacy is in the fallacy category of - correct answers suppressed evidence in logic, a dilemma is - correct answers an argument that presents two alternatives, both claimed to be bad for someone or some position the either-or-fallacy is sometimes correctly called - correct answers the black-or-white fallacy when a politician states in answer to a question "that's a complex issue..." he or she is probably - correct answers evading the issue tokenism is the fallacy in which - correct answers a token gesture is mistaken for the real thing the beliefs that are most deeply ingrained in us are an important part of our - correct answers worldview or philosophy the three master categories of types of fallacies are - correct answers questionable premise, suppressed evidence, and invalid inference the essential ingredient in problem solving is - correct answers reasoning we reason cogently only when - correct answers our premises are warranted, we consider all likely information, and our reasoning is valid a bad argument is a - correct answers fallacious one the first condition of cogent reasoning requires - correct answers that we use our background beliefs to assess the premises of the argument we are evaluating the second criterion of cogent reasoning requires that we - correct answers do not pass over any relevant information the instinct that tends to keep our beliefs within the bounds of what society as a whole will accept is the - correct answers the herd instinct those we blame for the ills of the world are - correct answers scapegoats two kinds of background beliefs that are extremely important concern - correct answers the nature of human nature and the reliability of information sources