UT Tyler FNP NURS 5350 Adv Patho Exam 1 2026–
2027 – Questions, Answers & Study Guide
Seven specialized cellular functions: - correct answers -movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption,
secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction
Nucleus - correct answers -aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think the egg
yolk)
Ribosomes - correct answers -RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - correct answers -specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein
and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex - correct answers -Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and
transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop- what goes in and out of
cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - correct answers -An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove wastes,
digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents; autodigestion occurs in
starvation
Mitochondria - correct answers -Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can
grow and self-replicate in the cell
1
, Cytoskeleton - correct answers -A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep
its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - correct answers -made up of lipids and proteins; the basic
component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of the
membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane - correct answers -Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote - correct answers -unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles (include
cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote - correct answers -organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger w/
intracellular anatomy
cellular receptors - correct answers -protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or in
the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors - correct answers -plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked receptors,
non-channel-linked receptors
passive transport - correct answers -The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT
using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs
down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion - correct answers -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
2
2027 – Questions, Answers & Study Guide
Seven specialized cellular functions: - correct answers -movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption,
secretion, excretion, respiration, and reproduction
Nucleus - correct answers -aids in cell division and control of genetic info, contains DNA (think the egg
yolk)
Ribosomes - correct answers -RNA-protein complexes; float freely in cytoplasm; provide sites for cellular
protein synthesis; packages and modifies protein for transportation and secretion
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - correct answers -specializes in the synthesis and transport of the protein
and lipid components of most of the cells organelles (memory factory)
Golgi complex - correct answers -Organelle that packages and distributes proteins into vesicles and
transports within and outside of cell (refining plant in cytoplasm; traffic cop- what goes in and out of
cytoplasm)
Lysosomes - correct answers -An organelle containing digestive enzymes; digest and remove wastes,
digest debris from dead cells; if ruptured, they can digest cell contents; autodigestion occurs in
starvation
Mitochondria - correct answers -Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy)
production; pathway for metabolism of carbs, lipids, and amino acids into ATP; to keep the cell alive; can
grow and self-replicate in the cell
1
, Cytoskeleton - correct answers -A network of fibers that holds the cell together, helps the cell to keep
its shape, and aids in movement; "bones and muscle" of the cell; have cilia to move it on out
Characteristics of plasma membrane - correct answers -made up of lipids and proteins; the basic
component is a bi-layer of lipid molecules that are responsible for the structural integrity of the
membrane
The _______________ prevents water soluble molecules from entering cells across the plasma
membrane - correct answers -Phospholipid layer
Prokaryote - correct answers -unicellular organism lacking a nucleus; contains NO organelles (include
cyanobacteria, bacteria, and rickettsia)
Eukaryote - correct answers -organism whose cells contain a nucleus; "good nucleus;" larger w/
intracellular anatomy
cellular receptors - correct answers -protein molecules on the plasma membrane, in the cytoplasm, or in
the nucleus that can recognize and bind with specific smaller molecules called ligands
3 types of cellular receptors - correct answers -plasma membrane receptors, channel-linked receptors,
non-channel-linked receptors
passive transport - correct answers -The movement of materials through a cell membrane WITHOUT
using energy; no-energy transport of uncharged molecules through any semi-permeable barrier (occurs
down a concentration gradient)
Diffusion - correct answers -Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of
lower concentration.
2
