Essentials OF Pediatric Nursing 4TH
Exam Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
A 1-year-old infant has just undergone surgery to correct craniosynostosis. Which
comment is the best psychosocial intervention for the parents?
Answer:
"The surgery was successful. Do you have any questions?" Explanation: Often what
parents need most is someone to listen to their concerns. Although this is a good time
for education, the parents are more concerned about the success of the surgery than
their infant's appearance. Watching the hemoglobin, hematocrit and swelling are
important nursing functions but they do not address the parents psychosocial needs.
The parents do not need to to be taught statistics about their infant's condition. They
more than likely know this from health care provider visits, the internet and parent
support groups. Following surgery this knowledge is not what parents are concerned
about. Parents want to know their infant is safe and well.
Question:
The nurse is educating the family of a 7-year-old with epilepsy about care and safety
for this child. What comment will be most valuable in helping the parent and the child
cope?
Answer:
"Use this information to teach family and friends." Explanation: Families need and want
information they can share with relatives, childcare providers, and teachers. Wearing a
helmet and having a monitor in the room are precautions that may need to be modified
as the child matures. The boy may be able to bike ride and swim with proper
precautions.
, Question:
The nurse is educating parents of a male infant with Chiari type II malformation. Which
statement about their child's condition is most accurate?
Answer:
"Take your time feeding your baby." Explanation: One of the problems associated with
Chiari type II malformation is poor gag and swallowing reflexes, so the infant must be
fed slowly. There is a great risk of aspiration, requiring that the child be placed in an
upright position after feeding. The goal of surgery is to prevent further symptoms,
rather than to relieve existing ones. Infrequent urination is a problem associated with
type I malformations.
Question:
A child has been diagnosed with a basilar skull fracture. The nurse identifies
ecchymosis behind the child's ear. This would be documented as
Answer:
Battle sign. Explanation: Two signs of basilar skull fracture include Battle sign (bruising
or ecchymosis behind the ear) and "raccoon eyes" (blood leaking into the frontal
sinuses causing an edematous and bruised periorbital area). Rhinorrhea is CSF leakage
from the nose. Otorrhea is CSF leaking from the ear.
Question:
The nurse is discussing with a parent the difference between a breath-holding spell and
a seizure. The nurse would be correct in telling the parent what information in regard to
seizures?
Answer:
Convulsive activity occurs. Explanation: During seizures convulsive activity is typically
noted. During a breath-holding spell, the child is bradycardiac, cyanosis occurs at the
onset, and the EEG is normal.
Question:
A child is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. The nurse would suspect which
abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Answer:
Cloudy appearance Explanation: In the CSF of clients diagnosed with bacterial
meningitis, the pressure is elevated, the appearance is cloudy, and the leukocytes are
elevated. A decreased sugar content is noted.
Exam Questions and Answers
Verified Solutions Latest Update
Question:
A 1-year-old infant has just undergone surgery to correct craniosynostosis. Which
comment is the best psychosocial intervention for the parents?
Answer:
"The surgery was successful. Do you have any questions?" Explanation: Often what
parents need most is someone to listen to their concerns. Although this is a good time
for education, the parents are more concerned about the success of the surgery than
their infant's appearance. Watching the hemoglobin, hematocrit and swelling are
important nursing functions but they do not address the parents psychosocial needs.
The parents do not need to to be taught statistics about their infant's condition. They
more than likely know this from health care provider visits, the internet and parent
support groups. Following surgery this knowledge is not what parents are concerned
about. Parents want to know their infant is safe and well.
Question:
The nurse is educating the family of a 7-year-old with epilepsy about care and safety
for this child. What comment will be most valuable in helping the parent and the child
cope?
Answer:
"Use this information to teach family and friends." Explanation: Families need and want
information they can share with relatives, childcare providers, and teachers. Wearing a
helmet and having a monitor in the room are precautions that may need to be modified
as the child matures. The boy may be able to bike ride and swim with proper
precautions.
, Question:
The nurse is educating parents of a male infant with Chiari type II malformation. Which
statement about their child's condition is most accurate?
Answer:
"Take your time feeding your baby." Explanation: One of the problems associated with
Chiari type II malformation is poor gag and swallowing reflexes, so the infant must be
fed slowly. There is a great risk of aspiration, requiring that the child be placed in an
upright position after feeding. The goal of surgery is to prevent further symptoms,
rather than to relieve existing ones. Infrequent urination is a problem associated with
type I malformations.
Question:
A child has been diagnosed with a basilar skull fracture. The nurse identifies
ecchymosis behind the child's ear. This would be documented as
Answer:
Battle sign. Explanation: Two signs of basilar skull fracture include Battle sign (bruising
or ecchymosis behind the ear) and "raccoon eyes" (blood leaking into the frontal
sinuses causing an edematous and bruised periorbital area). Rhinorrhea is CSF leakage
from the nose. Otorrhea is CSF leaking from the ear.
Question:
The nurse is discussing with a parent the difference between a breath-holding spell and
a seizure. The nurse would be correct in telling the parent what information in regard to
seizures?
Answer:
Convulsive activity occurs. Explanation: During seizures convulsive activity is typically
noted. During a breath-holding spell, the child is bradycardiac, cyanosis occurs at the
onset, and the EEG is normal.
Question:
A child is diagnosed with bacterial meningitis. The nurse would suspect which
abnormality of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Answer:
Cloudy appearance Explanation: In the CSF of clients diagnosed with bacterial
meningitis, the pressure is elevated, the appearance is cloudy, and the leukocytes are
elevated. A decreased sugar content is noted.
