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ATLS Written Review Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified
What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? -
ANSWER-preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood
pressure and providing adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this
done? - ANSWER-mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is
done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma
center.
Which brain lobes do the following hold:
1. anterior fossa:
2. middle fossa:
3. posterior fossa: - ANSWER-1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - ANSWER-dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? - ANSWER-the skull. it is tough and
fibrous
What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose
large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? - ANSWER-dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? - ANSWER-The
main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This
ons
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splits into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on the
right side.
What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)? - ANSWER-meningeal arteries.
What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? -
ANSWER-middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? - ANSWER-FALSE: not
attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? - ANSWER-injury to bridging veins
that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the dura.
_______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? - ANSWER-CSF.
this cushions the brain and spinal cord.
What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury
to major blood vessels at base of brain? - ANSWER-subarachnoid.
The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible
for ____. - ANSWER-midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
What important function resides in the medulla? - ANSWER-cardiorespiratory
centers.
What important functions are in the following brain segments:
1. left hemisphere:
2. frontal lobe:
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal: - ANSWER-1. left hemisphere: language center
2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
4. temporal: memory functions
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What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? -
ANSWER-tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
What is the physiology behind a blown pupil? - ANSWER-blown pupil: dilation of
pupil
-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict
the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can
compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary dilation.
What is the tentorial notch/hiatus - ANSWER-this is where the midbrain passes
through into the infratentorial compartment.
what part of the brain most commonly herniates through the tentorial notch? -
ANSWER-Uncus (medial part of temporal lobe)
does weakness occur on the same or opposite side of the uncal herniation? -
ANSWER-OPPOSITE. the corticospinal tract of the midbrain is compressed and
then crosses at the foramen magnum.
state: Ipsilateral/contralateral
____ pupillary dilation associated with _____ hemiparesis is the classic sign of
uncial herniation. - ANSWER-ipsi
contra
average ICP is _____ mmHg. - ANSWER-10
The monro-kellie doctrine states that the total volume of intracranial contents
must remain constant, because the cranium is ___ - ANSWER-a rigid, non
expandable container.
The monro-kellie doctrine states that _____ and _____ may be compressed out
of the skull providing a degree of buffering. - ANSWER-CSF and venous blood.
ons
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ATLS Written Review Questions with 100%
Correct Answers | Verified
What is the primary goal of treating TBI? How is this done? -
ANSWER-preventing secondary brain injury. This is done by maintaining blood
pressure and providing adequate profusion.
After managing ABCDEs of TBI what MUST be identified if present? How is this
done? - ANSWER-mass lesion that requires surgical evacuation is critical! this is
done with CT. NOTE: obtaining a CT should not delay patient transfer to trauma
center.
Which brain lobes do the following hold:
1. anterior fossa:
2. middle fossa:
3. posterior fossa: - ANSWER-1. anterior fossa: frontal lobes
2. middle fossa: temporal lobes
3. posterior fossa: lower brainstem and cerebellum
What are the 3 layers of the meninges? - ANSWER-dura mater, arachnoid mater,
pia mater
What does the dura mater adhere firmly to? - ANSWER-the skull. it is tough and
fibrous
What layer of the meninges splits into two leaves as specific sites to enclose
large venous sinuses? What do these sinuses do? - ANSWER-dura mater.
these sinuses provide major venous drainage from the brain.
What is the midline sinus of of the brain that splits into two sinuses: bilateral
transverse and sigmoid sinus? What side are these bigger on? - ANSWER-The
main sinus enclosed by the dura major is the midline superior sagital sinus. This
ons
tten with
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ATLS
Questions
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,ons
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Answers _ Verified.pdf~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!@(&*#########################(@)@)@
splits into the sigmoid and bilateral transverse sinuses which are larger on the
right side.
What are the arteries that lie between the skull and the dura mater (epidural
space)? - ANSWER-meningeal arteries.
What is the most commonly injured meningeal artery and where is it located? -
ANSWER-middle meningeal artery.
Located over the temporal fossa
T/F: the arachnoid mater is fused to the dura mater? - ANSWER-FALSE: not
attached. This produces a potential space for a subdural hematoma
In a subdural hematoma, what is the cause? - ANSWER-injury to bridging veins
that extend from brain surface to the sinuses within the dura.
_______ fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater? - ANSWER-CSF.
this cushions the brain and spinal cord.
What location of brain hemorrhage is frequently seen in brain contusion or injury
to major blood vessels at base of brain? - ANSWER-subarachnoid.
The ____ and _____ contain the reticular activating system which is responsible
for ____. - ANSWER-midbrain and upper pons
state of alertness
What important function resides in the medulla? - ANSWER-cardiorespiratory
centers.
What important functions are in the following brain segments:
1. left hemisphere:
2. frontal lobe:
3. parietal lobe:
4. temporal: - ANSWER-1. left hemisphere: language center
2. frontal lobe: executive function, emotions, motor
3. parietal lobe: sensory function/spatial orientation
4. temporal: memory functions
ons
tten with
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What divides the brain into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments? -
ANSWER-tentorium cerebelli. (tent over cerebellum)
What is the physiology behind a blown pupil? - ANSWER-blown pupil: dilation of
pupil
-CN III runs along the tentorium cerebelli. parasympathetic fibers that constrict
the pupil run along CN III (oculomotor). When temporal lobe is herniated, it can
compress these fibers. Unapposed sympathetic activity causes pupillary dilation.
What is the tentorial notch/hiatus - ANSWER-this is where the midbrain passes
through into the infratentorial compartment.
what part of the brain most commonly herniates through the tentorial notch? -
ANSWER-Uncus (medial part of temporal lobe)
does weakness occur on the same or opposite side of the uncal herniation? -
ANSWER-OPPOSITE. the corticospinal tract of the midbrain is compressed and
then crosses at the foramen magnum.
state: Ipsilateral/contralateral
____ pupillary dilation associated with _____ hemiparesis is the classic sign of
uncial herniation. - ANSWER-ipsi
contra
average ICP is _____ mmHg. - ANSWER-10
The monro-kellie doctrine states that the total volume of intracranial contents
must remain constant, because the cranium is ___ - ANSWER-a rigid, non
expandable container.
The monro-kellie doctrine states that _____ and _____ may be compressed out
of the skull providing a degree of buffering. - ANSWER-CSF and venous blood.
ons
tten with
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