Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (145)
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to prefrontal cortex
what area of the brain?
Selective attention is due to what area of the dorsal ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)
PFC malfunctioning?
sustained attention and problem solving DLPFC
linked to what area of the brain?
hyperactivity is linked to what area of the prefrontal motor cortex
brain?
what test assessing sustained attention? N-back test
where is sustained attention modulated in CSTC loop in the DLPFC
brain?
insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention
"sustaiNed attention- N back"
what test assesses selective attention? Stroop test
"Selective, Stroop, Cingulate"
where in the brain is selective attention the CSTC loop, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
modulated?
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
,Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
issues with sustained attention are: difficulty completing tasks
disorganization
trouble sustaining mental effort
issues with selective attention are: difficulty with detail
carless mistakes
not listening
losing things
being distracted
forgetting things
what part of the brain modulates orbitofrontal cortex
impulsitivity?
what symptoms of impulsitivity are talking excessively
observed? blurting things out
not waiting ones turn
interrupting
what part of the brain modulates prefrontal cortex
hyperactivity?
what are some key observations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity
prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD?
DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues
how do NE and DA amounts manifest in too little NE and DA = fatigue
relation to fatigue/anxiety?
too much = anxiety
what two receptors in the PRC are thought alpha 2 a
to be involved with ADHD treatment? D1
how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? NE levels low, signal reduced
DA levels low, noise increased
results in: fidget and inattention
how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? increase NE
Increase DA
what receptors does NE stimulate in the alpha 2 a; even better effect when beta1 receptors also
postsynapse? stimulated
what effect does DA have on receptors and decreases the noise and prevents inappropriate connections
what does this cause? from taking place through stimulating D1 receptors
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
, Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
what effect does NE have on receptors and increases the incoming signal and allows for increase
what does this cause? connections between prefrontal networks through stimulation
of alpha 2A receptors
what effect do slow dose stimulants have? amplify tonic NE and DA signals
block NET in PFC
block DAT in nucleus accumbens
why do slow dose stimulants have less they dont occupy DAT too quickly or extensively, which is
abuse potential? thought to reduce abuse potential
what is salience provoked phasic firing? - bursts of DA release
this can reinforce learning and reward conditioning which can
lead to motivation to pursue rewarding experiences
(education, career development)
Can also lead to drug abuse....
how do pulsatile stimulants affect NE and rapid increase in both
DA?
can lead to feelings of euphoria and abuse
ex: methylphenidate and amphetamine
what is a big factor in if stimulants are route and dose
abused?
what stimulant is a competitive inhibitor of amphetamine
DAT and NET?
are both methylphenidate and amphetamine no, only amphetamine
taken into the DA terminal?
this is bc amphetamine and VMAT
what happens when amphetamine is taken in can go into the vesicle and displace DA; this can lead to a fast
to the terminal? release of DA which causes euphoric (and abuse causing)
what is the MOA of methylphenidate on DA works on DAT similarly to SSRI
neurons?
(blocks reuptake of DA into terminal)
this leads to more DA availability
-- not taken into the terminal itself
what is the MOA of methylphenidate on NE works on NET
neurons?
adverse effects of stimulants generalized anxiety
(methylphenidate, amphetamine)
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
Terms in this set (145)
The core symptoms of ADHD are linked to prefrontal cortex
what area of the brain?
Selective attention is due to what area of the dorsal ACC (anterior cingulate cortex)
PFC malfunctioning?
sustained attention and problem solving DLPFC
linked to what area of the brain?
hyperactivity is linked to what area of the prefrontal motor cortex
brain?
what test assessing sustained attention? N-back test
where is sustained attention modulated in CSTC loop in the DLPFC
brain?
insufficient activation in the DLPFC can cause inattention
"sustaiNed attention- N back"
what test assesses selective attention? Stroop test
"Selective, Stroop, Cingulate"
where in the brain is selective attention the CSTC loop, Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
modulated?
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
,Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
issues with sustained attention are: difficulty completing tasks
disorganization
trouble sustaining mental effort
issues with selective attention are: difficulty with detail
carless mistakes
not listening
losing things
being distracted
forgetting things
what part of the brain modulates orbitofrontal cortex
impulsitivity?
what symptoms of impulsitivity are talking excessively
observed? blurting things out
not waiting ones turn
interrupting
what part of the brain modulates prefrontal cortex
hyperactivity?
what are some key observations in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC)-- impulsivity and hyperactivity
prefrontal cortex as it relates to ADHD?
DLPFC/DaCC-- sustained/selective attention issues
how do NE and DA amounts manifest in too little NE and DA = fatigue
relation to fatigue/anxiety?
too much = anxiety
what two receptors in the PRC are thought alpha 2 a
to be involved with ADHD treatment? D1
how does ADHD affect NE and DA levels? NE levels low, signal reduced
DA levels low, noise increased
results in: fidget and inattention
how should you treat NE and DA in adhd? increase NE
Increase DA
what receptors does NE stimulate in the alpha 2 a; even better effect when beta1 receptors also
postsynapse? stimulated
what effect does DA have on receptors and decreases the noise and prevents inappropriate connections
what does this cause? from taking place through stimulating D1 receptors
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
, Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
what effect does NE have on receptors and increases the incoming signal and allows for increase
what does this cause? connections between prefrontal networks through stimulation
of alpha 2A receptors
what effect do slow dose stimulants have? amplify tonic NE and DA signals
block NET in PFC
block DAT in nucleus accumbens
why do slow dose stimulants have less they dont occupy DAT too quickly or extensively, which is
abuse potential? thought to reduce abuse potential
what is salience provoked phasic firing? - bursts of DA release
this can reinforce learning and reward conditioning which can
lead to motivation to pursue rewarding experiences
(education, career development)
Can also lead to drug abuse....
how do pulsatile stimulants affect NE and rapid increase in both
DA?
can lead to feelings of euphoria and abuse
ex: methylphenidate and amphetamine
what is a big factor in if stimulants are route and dose
abused?
what stimulant is a competitive inhibitor of amphetamine
DAT and NET?
are both methylphenidate and amphetamine no, only amphetamine
taken into the DA terminal?
this is bc amphetamine and VMAT
what happens when amphetamine is taken in can go into the vesicle and displace DA; this can lead to a fast
to the terminal? release of DA which causes euphoric (and abuse causing)
what is the MOA of methylphenidate on DA works on DAT similarly to SSRI
neurons?
(blocks reuptake of DA into terminal)
this leads to more DA availability
-- not taken into the terminal itself
what is the MOA of methylphenidate on NE works on NET
neurons?
adverse effects of stimulants generalized anxiety
(methylphenidate, amphetamine)
Exam 4 Nurse 660 With Verified Questions and Answers
