NURS 8022 EXAM 1 NEWEST 2026/2027
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Granulocyte
▪ Defend against infection
▪ Serve as phagocytes predominant in early inflammation response
▪ Ingest and destroy microorganisms and debris and then die in 1-2 days, become a
component of the purulent exudate
▪ Primary role: burns, bacteria in nonsterile lesions
Mast Cells - ANS-** tissue cell, not blood cell
▪ Highly similar to basophils; contain granules
▪ Central cells in inflammation -- most important activator
▪ Found in tissues -- large numbers in areas exposed to environment i.e skin, digestive lining,
respiratory tract
,▪ Contain IgE receptors; histamine and heparin
▪ Activated by:
- Physical injury, chemical agents
- Chemical release
-- degranulation and synthesis of lipid-derived chemical mediators such as leukotrienes (similar
to histamine), prostaglandins (induce pain), and platelet activating factor (causes endothelial
cell retraction to increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and
platelet activation)
▪ Increased in: allergy and anaphylaxi
Agranulocytes - ANS-Lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
No granules
Lymphocytes - ANS-(36%)
Agranulocyte
▪ Major cells of the immune system
▪ Mature T cells, B cells, plasma cells
▪ Lifespan: days, months, years depending on type
Natural Killer Cells - ANS-"lymphocyte like" (5-10%)
,Agranulocyte
▪ Found in peripheral blood and spleen
▪ Kill tumor cells and virally infected cells
▪ Recognize MHC I surface receptors
▪ Do not have to be induced by antigens - don't have high specificity
Monocytes - ANS-Agranulocyte
▪ Found in tissue and lymphoid organs; monocytes are precursor to macrophages
▪ Provide the main line of defense against bacteria in the bloodstream
▪ Cleanse the blood
Macrophages - ANS-Agranulocyte
▪ Remove old and damaged cells, large molecules
▪ Major antigen-processing and antigen-presenting cells that initiate immune responses
▪ Initiate wound healing and tissue remodeling
, Dendritic Cells - ANS-Agranulocyte
similar to macrophages
▪ Antigen-processing and antigen-presenting cells that initiate immune responses
Connect innate and adaptive immune responses
B Cells - ANS-• Made in bone marrow; activated B cells create plasma cells which turn into
antibodies
• Responsible for humoral immunity that is mediated by circulating antibodies
• Antibodies bind to antigens on bacteria and viruses
▪ Produce memory cells - able to respond more rapidly and efficiently
T Cells - ANS-• Made in thymus
• Responsible for cell-mediated immunity
• Kill target directly; specific; stimulate other leukocytes
▪ Produce memory cells - able to respond more rapidly and efficiently
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GRADED A+ (VERIFIED ANSWERS)
Granulocyte
▪ Defend against infection
▪ Serve as phagocytes predominant in early inflammation response
▪ Ingest and destroy microorganisms and debris and then die in 1-2 days, become a
component of the purulent exudate
▪ Primary role: burns, bacteria in nonsterile lesions
Mast Cells - ANS-** tissue cell, not blood cell
▪ Highly similar to basophils; contain granules
▪ Central cells in inflammation -- most important activator
▪ Found in tissues -- large numbers in areas exposed to environment i.e skin, digestive lining,
respiratory tract
,▪ Contain IgE receptors; histamine and heparin
▪ Activated by:
- Physical injury, chemical agents
- Chemical release
-- degranulation and synthesis of lipid-derived chemical mediators such as leukotrienes (similar
to histamine), prostaglandins (induce pain), and platelet activating factor (causes endothelial
cell retraction to increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells, and
platelet activation)
▪ Increased in: allergy and anaphylaxi
Agranulocytes - ANS-Lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells
No granules
Lymphocytes - ANS-(36%)
Agranulocyte
▪ Major cells of the immune system
▪ Mature T cells, B cells, plasma cells
▪ Lifespan: days, months, years depending on type
Natural Killer Cells - ANS-"lymphocyte like" (5-10%)
,Agranulocyte
▪ Found in peripheral blood and spleen
▪ Kill tumor cells and virally infected cells
▪ Recognize MHC I surface receptors
▪ Do not have to be induced by antigens - don't have high specificity
Monocytes - ANS-Agranulocyte
▪ Found in tissue and lymphoid organs; monocytes are precursor to macrophages
▪ Provide the main line of defense against bacteria in the bloodstream
▪ Cleanse the blood
Macrophages - ANS-Agranulocyte
▪ Remove old and damaged cells, large molecules
▪ Major antigen-processing and antigen-presenting cells that initiate immune responses
▪ Initiate wound healing and tissue remodeling
, Dendritic Cells - ANS-Agranulocyte
similar to macrophages
▪ Antigen-processing and antigen-presenting cells that initiate immune responses
Connect innate and adaptive immune responses
B Cells - ANS-• Made in bone marrow; activated B cells create plasma cells which turn into
antibodies
• Responsible for humoral immunity that is mediated by circulating antibodies
• Antibodies bind to antigens on bacteria and viruses
▪ Produce memory cells - able to respond more rapidly and efficiently
T Cells - ANS-• Made in thymus
• Responsible for cell-mediated immunity
• Kill target directly; specific; stimulate other leukocytes
▪ Produce memory cells - able to respond more rapidly and efficiently
