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Exam (elaborations)

Chemistry For Dummies, 3rd Edition – Complete Textbook Study Material and Exam Preparation

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This textbook study material covers the fundamental chemistry concepts presented in Chemistry For Dummies, 3rd Edition, including atoms and elements, chemical bonds, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, acids and bases, gases, solutions, and organic chemistry. It is designed to support comprehensive course study, chapter review, concept understanding, and chemistry exam preparation.

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,Contents at a Glance
Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Part 1: The Basic Concepts of Chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 1: What Is Chemistry, and Why Do I Need to Know Some?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CHAPTER 2: Contemplating Chemical Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
CHAPTER 3: Matter and Energy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
CHAPTER 4: Something Smaller Than an Atom? Atomic Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
CHAPTER 5: The Periodic Table (But No Chairs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
CHAPTER 6: Balloons, Tires, and Scuba Tanks: The Wonderful World of Gases. . . . . 81

Part 2: A Cornucopia of Chemical Concepts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
CHAPTER 7: Chemical Cooking: Chemical Reactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
CHAPTER 8: The Mole: Can You Dig It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
CHAPTER 9: Mixing Matter Up: Solutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
CHAPTER 10: Thermochemistry: Hot Stuff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
CHAPTER 11: Sour and Bitter: Acids and Bases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Part 3: Blessed Be the Bonds That Tie. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
CHAPTER 12: Where Did I Put That Electron? Quantum Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
CHAPTER 13: Opposites Do Attract: Ionic Bonding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
CHAPTER 14: Sharing Nicely: Covalent Bonding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
CHAPTER 15: What Do Molecules Really Look Like? Molecular Geometry
and Hybridization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231
CHAPTER 16: Tackling Periodic Trends. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
CHAPTER 17: Examining the Link between Intermolecular Forces and
Condensed States. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255

Part 4: Environmental Chemistry: Benefits
and Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
CHAPTER 18: Cough! Cough! Hack! Hack! Air Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
CHAPTER 19: Examining the Ins and Outs of Water Pollution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

CHAPTER 20: Nuclear Chemistry: It’ll Blow Your Mind. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

,Part 5: The Part of Tens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315
CHAPTER 21: Ten Serendipitous Discoveries in Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317
CHAPTER 22: Ten (or So) Great Chemistry Nerds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323
CHAPTER 23: Ten Terrific Tips for Passing Chem I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329
CHAPTER 24: The Top Ten Industrial Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341

Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353

, Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
About This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Foolish Assumptions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
What Not to Read . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
How This Book Is Organized . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Part 1: The Basic Concepts of Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Part 2: A Cornucopia of Chemical Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Part 3: Blessed Be the Bonds That Tie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Part 4: Environmental Chemistry: Benefits and Problems . . . . . . . . 5
Part 5: The Part of Tens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Icons Used in This Book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Where to Go from Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

PART 1: THE BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
CHAPTER 1: What Is Chemistry, and Why Do I Need
to Know Some?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Understanding What Chemistry Is . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Distinguishing between Science and Technology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Deciphering the Scientific Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
How the scientific method works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
How you can use the scientific method. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Looking at the Branches of Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Macroscopic versus microscopic viewpoints. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Pure versus applied chemistry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Eyeing What You’ll Do in Your Chemistry Class. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

CHAPTER 2: Contemplating Chemical Calculations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Grasping the SI Measurement System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Eyeing the basic SI prefixes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Units of length. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Units of mass. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Units of volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Units of temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Units of pressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Units of energy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Handling Really Big or Really Small Numbers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Exploring exponential and scientific notation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Adding and subtracting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Multiplying and dividing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25




Table of Contents vii

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