BSC 114 CORE REVIEWS ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS
SET A+
✔✔What can enzyme's activity be affected by? - ✔✔Temperature, pH, and chemicals
✔✔Cofactor - ✔✔A non-protein compound that is bound to an enzyme and required for
the enzyme to catalyze a biochemical reaction
✔✔Organic cofactor - ✔✔Coenzyme
✔✔Competitive inhibitors - ✔✔Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the
substrate for binding
✔✔Noncompetitve inhibitors - ✔✔Bind to a part of the enzyme separate from the active
site, causing the enzyme to undergo a conformational change that reduces its ability to
catalyze a reaction
✔✔Allosteric regulation - ✔✔Occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at
one site and affects the protein's functions at another site
✔✔Cooperativity - ✔✔A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity by
binding of a substrate to one active site which stabilizes favorable conformational
changes in the active sites of all other subunits
✔✔Feedback inhibition - ✔✔The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the
pathway
✔✔What does photosynthesis generate? - ✔✔Oxygen and organic molecules (sugar)
which are used in cellular respiration
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔Set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place on
the cells of an organism to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP
, ✔✔Aerobic respiration - ✔✔Consumes organic molecules and oxygen to produce ATP
✔✔Fermentation - ✔✔Produces ATP through partial degradation of sugars that occurs
without using oxygen
✔✔True or False: Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration -
✔✔True
✔✔Redox reactions - ✔✔Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants
✔✔Oxidized - ✔✔Loses electrons
✔✔Reduced - ✔✔Gains electrons
✔✔Reducing agent - ✔✔Electron donor
✔✔Oxidizing agent - ✔✔Electron acceptor
✔✔The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration - ✔✔Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and
oxidative phosphorylation
✔✔Glycolysis - ✔✔Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur? - ✔✔Cytosol
✔✔Citirc acid cycle - ✔✔Completes the breakdown of glucose
✔✔Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ✔✔Mitochondrial matrix
✔✔Oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔Accounts for most of the ATP synthesis
✔✔Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? - ✔✔Mitochondrial inner membrane
✔✔What is the net output of glycolysis? - ✔✔2 H+, 2 water, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2
Pyruvate
✔✔Before the citric acid cycle can begin pyruvate must be converted to _______ -
✔✔acetyl coA
✔✔What does the citric acid cycle produce PER TURN? - ✔✔1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1
FADH2
SET A+
✔✔What can enzyme's activity be affected by? - ✔✔Temperature, pH, and chemicals
✔✔Cofactor - ✔✔A non-protein compound that is bound to an enzyme and required for
the enzyme to catalyze a biochemical reaction
✔✔Organic cofactor - ✔✔Coenzyme
✔✔Competitive inhibitors - ✔✔Bind to the active site of an enzyme, competing with the
substrate for binding
✔✔Noncompetitve inhibitors - ✔✔Bind to a part of the enzyme separate from the active
site, causing the enzyme to undergo a conformational change that reduces its ability to
catalyze a reaction
✔✔Allosteric regulation - ✔✔Occurs when a regulatory molecule binds to a protein at
one site and affects the protein's functions at another site
✔✔Cooperativity - ✔✔A form of allosteric regulation that can amplify enzyme activity by
binding of a substrate to one active site which stabilizes favorable conformational
changes in the active sites of all other subunits
✔✔Feedback inhibition - ✔✔The end product of a metabolic pathway shuts down the
pathway
✔✔What does photosynthesis generate? - ✔✔Oxygen and organic molecules (sugar)
which are used in cellular respiration
✔✔Cellular respiration - ✔✔Set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place on
the cells of an organism to convert chemical energy from nutrients into ATP
, ✔✔Aerobic respiration - ✔✔Consumes organic molecules and oxygen to produce ATP
✔✔Fermentation - ✔✔Produces ATP through partial degradation of sugars that occurs
without using oxygen
✔✔True or False: Cellular respiration includes both aerobic and anaerobic respiration -
✔✔True
✔✔Redox reactions - ✔✔Chemical reactions that transfer electrons between reactants
✔✔Oxidized - ✔✔Loses electrons
✔✔Reduced - ✔✔Gains electrons
✔✔Reducing agent - ✔✔Electron donor
✔✔Oxidizing agent - ✔✔Electron acceptor
✔✔The three stages of aerobic cellular respiration - ✔✔Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and
oxidative phosphorylation
✔✔Glycolysis - ✔✔Breaks down glucose into 2 molecules of pyruvate
✔✔Where does glycolysis occur? - ✔✔Cytosol
✔✔Citirc acid cycle - ✔✔Completes the breakdown of glucose
✔✔Where does the citric acid cycle occur? - ✔✔Mitochondrial matrix
✔✔Oxidative phosphorylation - ✔✔Accounts for most of the ATP synthesis
✔✔Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur? - ✔✔Mitochondrial inner membrane
✔✔What is the net output of glycolysis? - ✔✔2 H+, 2 water, 2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2
Pyruvate
✔✔Before the citric acid cycle can begin pyruvate must be converted to _______ -
✔✔acetyl coA
✔✔What does the citric acid cycle produce PER TURN? - ✔✔1 ATP, 3 NADH, and 1
FADH2
