SHS 485 COMPREHENSIVE ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The difference between primary and non-primary cortex is:
primary cortex is involved in processing information from more than one modality,
whereas non-primary cortex is involved in processing information from a single
modality.
non-primary cortex may be involved in processing information from more than one
modality, whereas primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a
single modality
only primary cortex is connected to the cerebellum.
only non-primary cortex is connected to subcortical structures. - ✔✔non-primary cortex
may be involved in processing information from more than one modality, whereas
primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a single modality
(This is a tough question, but its important to understand. Primary cortex deals with only
one modality ("sense"), and is the first stop in (or last stop out in the case of the motor
modality) for information coming into (or out of) the brain. Non-primary cortex can also
just deal with one modality, but it can also integrate information from more than one
modality. An example of this would be neurons that process visual and motor
information to help you catch a baseball.)
✔✔dysarthria with involuntary movements - ✔✔hyperkinetic dysarthria (Huntington's)
✔✔Dysarthria with rigidity, stiffness, and tightness - ✔✔hypokinetic dysarthria
(parkinson's)
✔✔dysarthria with increased muscle tone, and lack of inhibitory signals - ✔✔spastic
dysarthria
, ✔✔dysarthria with weakness - ✔✔flaccid dysarthria
✔✔dysarthria with "drunken speech", incoordination - ✔✔ataxic dysarthria
(It is important to be able to compare and contrast the different types of dysarthria. You
should know the main symptom(s) of each kind of dysarthria. Note that ataxic dysarthria
is due to cerebellum damage. The cerebellum is involved in coordinating and fine tuning
movements. Thus, people with ataxic dysarthria are sometimes said to have "drunken"
speech, because it is similar to the speech of someone who is intoxicated.)
✔✔Which lobe of the brain is most posterior? - ✔✔occipital lobe
✔✔Which of the following are true regarding upper motor neurons?
The neurons in primary motor cortex are upper motor neurons
Damage to upper motor neurons may result in dysarthria
Upper motor neurons are the motor neurons that are connected to the facial muscles
that move during speech.
a&b
b & c - ✔✔(a&b) The neurons in primary motor cortex are upper motor neurons
Damage to upper motor neurons may result in dysarthria
(Upper motor neurons are neurons involved in motor processes whose cell bodies are
in the brain. Their axons extend into the brain stem and spinal cord, where they connect
with lower motor neurons. Lower motor neurons are the neurons that have synapses
with the muscles. Dysarthria can occur from upper motor neuron damage, namely
spastic dysarthria.)
✔✔Which of the following is true regarding Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech?
Patients with apraxia of speech have writing difficulties, Broca's aphasics do not have
writing difficulties.
Patients with Broca's aphasia have writing difficulties, patients with apraxia of speech do
not have writing difficulties.
Both apraxics and broca's aphasics have impaired speech production
b&c
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The difference between primary and non-primary cortex is:
primary cortex is involved in processing information from more than one modality,
whereas non-primary cortex is involved in processing information from a single
modality.
non-primary cortex may be involved in processing information from more than one
modality, whereas primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a
single modality
only primary cortex is connected to the cerebellum.
only non-primary cortex is connected to subcortical structures. - ✔✔non-primary cortex
may be involved in processing information from more than one modality, whereas
primary cortex is only involved in processing information from a single modality
(This is a tough question, but its important to understand. Primary cortex deals with only
one modality ("sense"), and is the first stop in (or last stop out in the case of the motor
modality) for information coming into (or out of) the brain. Non-primary cortex can also
just deal with one modality, but it can also integrate information from more than one
modality. An example of this would be neurons that process visual and motor
information to help you catch a baseball.)
✔✔dysarthria with involuntary movements - ✔✔hyperkinetic dysarthria (Huntington's)
✔✔Dysarthria with rigidity, stiffness, and tightness - ✔✔hypokinetic dysarthria
(parkinson's)
✔✔dysarthria with increased muscle tone, and lack of inhibitory signals - ✔✔spastic
dysarthria
, ✔✔dysarthria with weakness - ✔✔flaccid dysarthria
✔✔dysarthria with "drunken speech", incoordination - ✔✔ataxic dysarthria
(It is important to be able to compare and contrast the different types of dysarthria. You
should know the main symptom(s) of each kind of dysarthria. Note that ataxic dysarthria
is due to cerebellum damage. The cerebellum is involved in coordinating and fine tuning
movements. Thus, people with ataxic dysarthria are sometimes said to have "drunken"
speech, because it is similar to the speech of someone who is intoxicated.)
✔✔Which lobe of the brain is most posterior? - ✔✔occipital lobe
✔✔Which of the following are true regarding upper motor neurons?
The neurons in primary motor cortex are upper motor neurons
Damage to upper motor neurons may result in dysarthria
Upper motor neurons are the motor neurons that are connected to the facial muscles
that move during speech.
a&b
b & c - ✔✔(a&b) The neurons in primary motor cortex are upper motor neurons
Damage to upper motor neurons may result in dysarthria
(Upper motor neurons are neurons involved in motor processes whose cell bodies are
in the brain. Their axons extend into the brain stem and spinal cord, where they connect
with lower motor neurons. Lower motor neurons are the neurons that have synapses
with the muscles. Dysarthria can occur from upper motor neuron damage, namely
spastic dysarthria.)
✔✔Which of the following is true regarding Broca's aphasia and apraxia of speech?
Patients with apraxia of speech have writing difficulties, Broca's aphasics do not have
writing difficulties.
Patients with Broca's aphasia have writing difficulties, patients with apraxia of speech do
not have writing difficulties.
Both apraxics and broca's aphasics have impaired speech production
b&c
