https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
NR601 Midterm: 2025/ 2026 Update
Exam
Body composition changes in older adult
decreased water weight, increased fat
changes in brain older adult
weight decreases by 7%, atrophy is normal
taste/smell changes older adult
taste buds reduced by 70%
cardiac function older adult
maximum heart rate decreases to around 155, reduced cardiac output
during stress
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
changes in kidney function older adult
renal perfusion decreases by 50%
changes in bone mineral content older adult
decreased by 10-30%
prostate gland older adult
increases by 100% in size
changes sexual function older adult
men: decreased ability to get an erection, decreased ejaculatory flow
women: menopause, less lubrication, vaginal atrophy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
the rule of fourths
4 things that cause disability in the elderly: disease, disuse, misuse, and
physiologic aging
effects of polypharmacy
drug interactions, increased risk of falls, and cognitive impairment
decreasing medication complexity for older adults
Decreasing complexity of medication regimen will improve adherence.
When selecting a regimen, choose a medication requiring fewer doses per
day.
Use combination tablets to reduce pill burden.
When adding a new medication, consider whether any other medication
could be
discontinued, or the dose reduced
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
recommendations for vaccines older adults
shingles, flu, pneumococcal, tdap q10 years, hepatitis A/B if at risk
prevention of polypharmacy
One way to reduce polypharmacy is to try nonpharmacologic therapies first.
oDiet, exercise, stress management, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Be very clear of about drug use instructions and possible side effects.
screening for alcohol abuse in older adults
CAGE tool:
cut down, annoyed when criticized, guilty about drinking, and eye-opener
smoking cessation older adults
When smoking cessation interventions are tailored to older adults, their rate
of smoking
cessation equals that of a younger person.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
NR601 Midterm: 2025/ 2026 Update
Exam
Body composition changes in older adult
decreased water weight, increased fat
changes in brain older adult
weight decreases by 7%, atrophy is normal
taste/smell changes older adult
taste buds reduced by 70%
cardiac function older adult
maximum heart rate decreases to around 155, reduced cardiac output
during stress
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
changes in kidney function older adult
renal perfusion decreases by 50%
changes in bone mineral content older adult
decreased by 10-30%
prostate gland older adult
increases by 100% in size
changes sexual function older adult
men: decreased ability to get an erection, decreased ejaculatory flow
women: menopause, less lubrication, vaginal atrophy
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
the rule of fourths
4 things that cause disability in the elderly: disease, disuse, misuse, and
physiologic aging
effects of polypharmacy
drug interactions, increased risk of falls, and cognitive impairment
decreasing medication complexity for older adults
Decreasing complexity of medication regimen will improve adherence.
When selecting a regimen, choose a medication requiring fewer doses per
day.
Use combination tablets to reduce pill burden.
When adding a new medication, consider whether any other medication
could be
discontinued, or the dose reduced
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
recommendations for vaccines older adults
shingles, flu, pneumococcal, tdap q10 years, hepatitis A/B if at risk
prevention of polypharmacy
One way to reduce polypharmacy is to try nonpharmacologic therapies first.
oDiet, exercise, stress management, and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Be very clear of about drug use instructions and possible side effects.
screening for alcohol abuse in older adults
CAGE tool:
cut down, annoyed when criticized, guilty about drinking, and eye-opener
smoking cessation older adults
When smoking cessation interventions are tailored to older adults, their rate
of smoking
cessation equals that of a younger person.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
