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NURS 6501 MIDTERM WEEKS 1- 6 TOPICS
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
Phagocytosis
process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and
take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes
can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
oxidative phosphorylation
When energy is released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the
mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolisis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
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passive transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Cellular Adaptation
the cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury
occurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
free radicals
Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging
of the skin.
oxidative stress
a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals exceeds the
body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
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chemical injury
Toxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both indirectly and by
becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide
a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of
carbon.
lead poisoning
A medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in the blood
necrosis
tissue death
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Hyponatremia
low sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water without electrolytes
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Hypernatremia
increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions, hypotension, tachycardia.
give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia
deficient level of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia
high levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia
CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon
reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
NURS 6501 MIDTERM WEEKS 1- 6 TOPICS
ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY WALDEN
UNIVERSITY
Phagocytosis
process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and
take them into the cell
lysosomal enzymes
can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids
oxidative phosphorylation
When energy is released at each step of the chain is stored in a form the
mitochondrion can use to make ATP.
Glycolisis
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
passive transport
The movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy
active transport
the movement of materials through a cell membrane using energy
Cellular Adaptation
the cell's response to escape and protect itself from injury
cellular injury
occurs if cell is unable to maintain homeostasis
free radicals
Unstable molecules that cause biochemical aging, especially wrinkling and sagging
of the skin.
oxidative stress
a condition in which the production of oxidants and free radicals exceeds the
body's ability to handle them and prevent damage
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
,https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
chemical injury
Toxic chemicals or poisons can cause cellular injury both indirectly and by
becoming metabolized into reactive chemicals by the body
carbon monoxide
a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of
carbon.
lead poisoning
A medical condition caused by toxic levels of the metal lead in the blood
necrosis
tissue death
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
Hyponatremia
low sodium blood levels due to consuming too much water without electrolytes
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
, https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
Hypernatremia
increased temp, weakness, disorientation, dilusions, hypotension, tachycardia.
give hypotonic solution.
Hypokalemia
deficient level of potassium in the blood
Hyperkalemia
high levels of potassium in the blood
Hypocalcemia
CATS Convulsions, Arrythmias, Tetany, spasms and stridor
Hypercalcemia
muscle weakness, lack of coordination, abdominal pain, confusion, absent tendon
reflexes, shallow respirations, emergency!
metabolic alkalosis
https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch https://www.stuvia.com/user/allatopnotch
