PSYC 435 - Abnormal Psychology, CHAPTER 10 to 13, Complete latest Test bank Questions and Answers, A+

PSYC 435 - Abnormal Psychology, CHAPTER 10 to 13, Complete latest Test bank Questions and Answers, A+-personality disorder, p. 342 chronic interpersonal difficulties, problems with one’s identity or sense of self, and an inability to function adequately in society - enduring pattern of behavior must be pervasive and inflexible, as well as stable and of long duration - cause either clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning and be manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognition, affectivity, interpersonal functioning, or impulse control. • Five-factor model of personality: neuroticism (emotional instability), extraversion/introversion, openness to experience (unconventionality), agreeableness/antagonism, and conscientiousness Cluster A: Includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders. People with these disorders often seem odd or eccentric, unusual behavior ranging from distrust and suspiciousness to social detachment. Cluster B: Includes histrionic, narcissistic, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders. Individuals with these disorders share a tendency to be dramatic, emotional, and erratic. Cluster C: Includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive- compulsive personality disorders. In contrast to the other two clusters, people with these disorders often show anxiety and fearfulness. epidemiological study, p. 344 assessed the prevalence of the personality disorders - Epidemiological studies are designed to establish the prevalence (number of cases) of a particular disorder in a very large sample (usually many thousands) of people living in the community 10 and 12 percent of people meet criteria for at least one personality disorder when the time period being asked about is the person’s behavior over the last 2 to 5 years paranoid personality disorder, p. 348 are suspicious and distrustful of others, often reading hidden meanings into ordinary remarks - see themselves as blameless, instead blaming others for their own mistakes and failures—even to the point of ascribing evil motives to others. schizoid personality disorder, p. 349 difficulty forming social relationships and usually lack interest in doing so - tend not to have good friends, with exception of a close relative - unable to express their feelings/seen by others as cold and distant - They often lack social skills and can be classified as loners or introverts, with solitary interests and occupations not all loners/introverts have schizoid personality Neither desires nor enjoys close relationships, including being part of a family - Almost always chooses solitary activities - Has little, if any, interest in having sexual experiences with another person - Takes pleasure in few, if any, activities - Lacks close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives. schizotypal personality disorder, p. 351 also excessively introverted and have pervasive social and interpersonal deficits. But in addition they have cognitive and perceptual distortions, as well as oddities and eccentricities in their communication and behavior - contact with reality is usually maintained, highly personalized and superstitious thinking is characteristic - often believe that they have magical powers and may engage in magical rituals Ideas of reference (excluding delusions of reference) - Odd beliefs or magical thinking that influences behavior and is inconsistent with subcultural norms (e.g., superstitiousness, belief in clairvoyance,