WGU C208 ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Descriptive Models of Change - ✔✔Useful for trying to understand what is going on
in an organization and can be used to gather and analyze information and assess if the
circumstances with the organization are conducive for change.
Examples:
Lewin's Model of Change
McKinney's 7-S Framework
✔✔Prescriptive Models of Change - ✔✔Useful when a step by step process is called
for, they provide a 'cook book' for change.
Examples:
Kotter's Eight Steps for Change
ADKAR
Cisco Change Roadmap (CCR)
GE Change Acceleration Process (CAP)
American Express
✔✔Innovation Diffusion Model - ✔✔Popularized by scholar Everett Rogers, the theory
posits that the spread of innovation will occur via communication channels, with social
systems affecting its adoption and use at a given rate.
✔✔Innovation Diffusion Model Stages - ✔✔1. Knowledge
2. Persuasion
3. Decision
4. Implementation
5. Confirmation
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 1. Knowledge - ✔✔People become aware that the technology
exists
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 2. Persuasion - ✔✔Individuals are interested in the innovation
, ✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 3. Decision - ✔✔Individuals consider the evidence, weigh
options, and make a decision
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 4. Implementation - ✔✔Decision adoption is not final, the
innovation is employed and studied
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 5. Confirmation - ✔✔Adopters decide whether to continue
using the innovation
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - Profiles of Adopters - ✔✔Innovators: 2.5% of population.
Early Adopters: 13.5% of population.
Early Majority: 34% of population.
Late Majority: 34% of population.
Laggards: 16% of population.
✔✔Christensen's Disruptive Innovation Model - ✔✔Christensen has identified four
characteristics of disruptive change, this model focuses on technology not
organizations, it has become a common reference point for discussions about change.
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 1 - ✔✔They create new markets by creating a
new kind of product or service
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 2 - ✔✔The new product or service from the
new technology costs less that existing products or services from the old technology
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 3 - ✔✔While initially the new products under-
perform for mainstream customers, they eventually catch up and meet their needs
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 4 - ✔✔The technology is difficult to protect
using patents
✔✔Low-End Disruption - ✔✔Refers to the distruper's entry point in a low-end market
✔✔New Market Disruption - ✔✔Occurs when a product is introduced to fill a need that
current technologies, products, or methodologies cannot address
*Does not need to be introduced to a specific market first in order to gain traction
✔✔Contingency Planning - ✔✔Develops ways to deal with risks during any initiative,
including change initiatives
Contingency plans do not affect the probability of the risk occurring or the impact that it
will have it it does occur, it is a plan for putting alternative processing or resources that
can be rapidly put into place if the need arises
✔✔Descriptive Models of Change - ✔✔Useful for trying to understand what is going on
in an organization and can be used to gather and analyze information and assess if the
circumstances with the organization are conducive for change.
Examples:
Lewin's Model of Change
McKinney's 7-S Framework
✔✔Prescriptive Models of Change - ✔✔Useful when a step by step process is called
for, they provide a 'cook book' for change.
Examples:
Kotter's Eight Steps for Change
ADKAR
Cisco Change Roadmap (CCR)
GE Change Acceleration Process (CAP)
American Express
✔✔Innovation Diffusion Model - ✔✔Popularized by scholar Everett Rogers, the theory
posits that the spread of innovation will occur via communication channels, with social
systems affecting its adoption and use at a given rate.
✔✔Innovation Diffusion Model Stages - ✔✔1. Knowledge
2. Persuasion
3. Decision
4. Implementation
5. Confirmation
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 1. Knowledge - ✔✔People become aware that the technology
exists
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 2. Persuasion - ✔✔Individuals are interested in the innovation
, ✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 3. Decision - ✔✔Individuals consider the evidence, weigh
options, and make a decision
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 4. Implementation - ✔✔Decision adoption is not final, the
innovation is employed and studied
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - 5. Confirmation - ✔✔Adopters decide whether to continue
using the innovation
✔✔Innovation Diffusion - Profiles of Adopters - ✔✔Innovators: 2.5% of population.
Early Adopters: 13.5% of population.
Early Majority: 34% of population.
Late Majority: 34% of population.
Laggards: 16% of population.
✔✔Christensen's Disruptive Innovation Model - ✔✔Christensen has identified four
characteristics of disruptive change, this model focuses on technology not
organizations, it has become a common reference point for discussions about change.
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 1 - ✔✔They create new markets by creating a
new kind of product or service
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 2 - ✔✔The new product or service from the
new technology costs less that existing products or services from the old technology
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 3 - ✔✔While initially the new products under-
perform for mainstream customers, they eventually catch up and meet their needs
✔✔Disruptive Innovation Characteristic # 4 - ✔✔The technology is difficult to protect
using patents
✔✔Low-End Disruption - ✔✔Refers to the distruper's entry point in a low-end market
✔✔New Market Disruption - ✔✔Occurs when a product is introduced to fill a need that
current technologies, products, or methodologies cannot address
*Does not need to be introduced to a specific market first in order to gain traction
✔✔Contingency Planning - ✔✔Develops ways to deal with risks during any initiative,
including change initiatives
Contingency plans do not affect the probability of the risk occurring or the impact that it
will have it it does occur, it is a plan for putting alternative processing or resources that
can be rapidly put into place if the need arises
