NAADAC STANDARD EXAMS ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The facilitative model of supervision was based on which of the following models of
psychotherapy? - ✔✔Rogers's client centered therapy
✔✔Yalom's Curative Factors - ✔✔
✔✔Uppers - ✔✔CNS Stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines & meth, caffeine, nicotine
✔✔Downers - ✔✔CNS Depressants: alcohol, benzos, barbituates, opiates, sedative-
hypnotics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines
✔✔All-Arounders - ✔✔psychedelics (LSD, mushrooms, MDMA/Ecstacy, PCP, DXM)
and Cannabis
✔✔Acute intox Sx of uppers - ✔✔Increased: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
alertness, activity, anxiety, aggression, confidence, constriction of blood vessels, body
temperature, dilated pupils, runny nose, dry mouth, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation
Decreased: appetite for both food and water
✔✔Acute intox sx of depressants (general) - ✔✔Decreased: heart rate, blood pressure,
breathing, digestion, basic psychological functions such as motor coordination and
mental awareness, restricted pupils
✔✔Specifics of alcohol - ✔✔effects every organ in the body, impacts GABA, dopamine,
glutimate and serotonin; electrolite imbalances can lead to life threating seizures
✔✔Habituation - ✔✔repitition of behaivors until they are established into daily life
✔✔Acute Alcohol withdrawal Sx - ✔✔High Risk: tremors, slurred speech, nausea and/or
vomiting, flushed face, dehydration, sweating, rapid heart rate, insomnia, poor
coordination, poor memory, halluninations, grand mal seizures, delirium tremens (DT's)
,✔✔Barbituates & Benzodiazapines - ✔✔work on GABA, "standard" depressant effects,
withdrawal sx can be toxic and present almost identical to alcohol
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔Increased need for markedly more of the same substance in order to
acheive the deisred effect (decreased need without a change in the substance is
reverse tolerance) Can occur in as little as 3-4 weeks of use
✔✔Dependence - ✔✔aka Addiction: behavioral pattern of complusive substance use;
consistent involvement with the use of substances, high tendency to relapse after
withdrawal
✔✔Detoxification - ✔✔Process of eliminating all psychoactive substances from the body
✔✔Methods of administration - ✔✔oral- mouth via swallowing or smoking; Nasally-
snorting or inhaling; IM- injection into a muscle; IV- Injecting into a vein; Subcutanious-
injecting beneith the skin; Topical- applyed on top of the skin; Sublingually- dissolving
under the touge; rectally- inserted into the anus; Vagionally- inserted into the vagional
opening
✔✔Physiological dependence - ✔✔continued use of the substance is needed in order to
prevent withdrawal symtoms
✔✔Psychological dependence - ✔✔percetion that the effects produced by a substance,
or the associated condtions of use, are needed to maintain optimal well- being.
✔✔Cross- Tolerance - ✔✔the ability of pharmacologically similar substances to
substiture for the other in relation to tolerance and to prevent withdrawal
✔✔Abuse Liability - ✔✔risk potential associated with a substance becoming repeatedly
used and/or dependence inducing
✔✔designer psychoactive substances - ✔✔Substances specifically invented with a
different molecular formula to evade law inforcement
✔✔Central Nervous System (CNS) - ✔✔Brain & spine
✔✔Limbic system - ✔✔Within the CNS, Controls Emotions
✔✔Reticular Activating System - ✔✔Within the CNS, responsible for the state of arousal
✔✔Basal Ganglia - ✔✔Within the CNS: responsible for involuntary and fine motor skills
, ✔✔Cerebral Cortex - ✔✔within the CNS: part of the limbic system that controls
voluntary motor skills and sensory input
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔Part of the limbic system: liaison between CNS & ANS
✔✔Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - ✔✔montiors unconscious bodily functions such
as heart rate, breathing, and digenstion
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔secondary within the ANS- when activated
increases breathing, heart rate, etc.
✔✔Parasymphathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Secondary within the ANS- when activated
decreases breathing, heart rate, etc.
✔✔Neurotransmitters most affected by AOD - ✔✔acetylcholine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, endogenous opioids
✔✔Inhibitory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Dopamine, serotonin, GABA
✔✔Excitatory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔glutamate, epinephrine
✔✔Inhibitory and Excitatory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Acetylcoline, norepinephrine
✔✔Endogenous Opioids - ✔✔Natural peptides that combat pain and stress
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔substance that binds to a neuron and elicits a reaction as if it was that
neurotransmitter
✔✔Antagonist - ✔✔substance that binds to a neuron and prevents other
neurotransmitters from binding to it
✔✔Two ways AOD's impact reuptake - ✔✔prevent reuptake OR prevent the
metabolizing process that would remove the substance- both result in continued
stimulation of the neuron
✔✔Withdrawal Sx - ✔✔the oppopsite of intoxication sx
✔✔Amphetamines - ✔✔increase release and prevent reuptake of norepinephrine,
dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin. Not metabolized in the liver but excreted in urine
unchanged, can have a half-life of more than 10 hours. High risk of overdose which can
lead to cardiac arrest, stroke, brain hemorrage (and other concerns associated with
increased blood pressure)
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔The facilitative model of supervision was based on which of the following models of
psychotherapy? - ✔✔Rogers's client centered therapy
✔✔Yalom's Curative Factors - ✔✔
✔✔Uppers - ✔✔CNS Stimulants: cocaine, amphetamines & meth, caffeine, nicotine
✔✔Downers - ✔✔CNS Depressants: alcohol, benzos, barbituates, opiates, sedative-
hypnotics, muscle relaxants, antihistamines
✔✔All-Arounders - ✔✔psychedelics (LSD, mushrooms, MDMA/Ecstacy, PCP, DXM)
and Cannabis
✔✔Acute intox Sx of uppers - ✔✔Increased: heart rate, blood pressure, breathing,
alertness, activity, anxiety, aggression, confidence, constriction of blood vessels, body
temperature, dilated pupils, runny nose, dry mouth, muscle twitching, sexual stimulation
Decreased: appetite for both food and water
✔✔Acute intox sx of depressants (general) - ✔✔Decreased: heart rate, blood pressure,
breathing, digestion, basic psychological functions such as motor coordination and
mental awareness, restricted pupils
✔✔Specifics of alcohol - ✔✔effects every organ in the body, impacts GABA, dopamine,
glutimate and serotonin; electrolite imbalances can lead to life threating seizures
✔✔Habituation - ✔✔repitition of behaivors until they are established into daily life
✔✔Acute Alcohol withdrawal Sx - ✔✔High Risk: tremors, slurred speech, nausea and/or
vomiting, flushed face, dehydration, sweating, rapid heart rate, insomnia, poor
coordination, poor memory, halluninations, grand mal seizures, delirium tremens (DT's)
,✔✔Barbituates & Benzodiazapines - ✔✔work on GABA, "standard" depressant effects,
withdrawal sx can be toxic and present almost identical to alcohol
✔✔Tolerance - ✔✔Increased need for markedly more of the same substance in order to
acheive the deisred effect (decreased need without a change in the substance is
reverse tolerance) Can occur in as little as 3-4 weeks of use
✔✔Dependence - ✔✔aka Addiction: behavioral pattern of complusive substance use;
consistent involvement with the use of substances, high tendency to relapse after
withdrawal
✔✔Detoxification - ✔✔Process of eliminating all psychoactive substances from the body
✔✔Methods of administration - ✔✔oral- mouth via swallowing or smoking; Nasally-
snorting or inhaling; IM- injection into a muscle; IV- Injecting into a vein; Subcutanious-
injecting beneith the skin; Topical- applyed on top of the skin; Sublingually- dissolving
under the touge; rectally- inserted into the anus; Vagionally- inserted into the vagional
opening
✔✔Physiological dependence - ✔✔continued use of the substance is needed in order to
prevent withdrawal symtoms
✔✔Psychological dependence - ✔✔percetion that the effects produced by a substance,
or the associated condtions of use, are needed to maintain optimal well- being.
✔✔Cross- Tolerance - ✔✔the ability of pharmacologically similar substances to
substiture for the other in relation to tolerance and to prevent withdrawal
✔✔Abuse Liability - ✔✔risk potential associated with a substance becoming repeatedly
used and/or dependence inducing
✔✔designer psychoactive substances - ✔✔Substances specifically invented with a
different molecular formula to evade law inforcement
✔✔Central Nervous System (CNS) - ✔✔Brain & spine
✔✔Limbic system - ✔✔Within the CNS, Controls Emotions
✔✔Reticular Activating System - ✔✔Within the CNS, responsible for the state of arousal
✔✔Basal Ganglia - ✔✔Within the CNS: responsible for involuntary and fine motor skills
, ✔✔Cerebral Cortex - ✔✔within the CNS: part of the limbic system that controls
voluntary motor skills and sensory input
✔✔Hypothalamus - ✔✔Part of the limbic system: liaison between CNS & ANS
✔✔Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - ✔✔montiors unconscious bodily functions such
as heart rate, breathing, and digenstion
✔✔Sympathetic Nervous System - ✔✔secondary within the ANS- when activated
increases breathing, heart rate, etc.
✔✔Parasymphathetic Nervous System - ✔✔Secondary within the ANS- when activated
decreases breathing, heart rate, etc.
✔✔Neurotransmitters most affected by AOD - ✔✔acetylcholine, norepinephrine,
epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin, GABA, glutamate, endogenous opioids
✔✔Inhibitory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Dopamine, serotonin, GABA
✔✔Excitatory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔glutamate, epinephrine
✔✔Inhibitory and Excitatory Neurotransmitters - ✔✔Acetylcoline, norepinephrine
✔✔Endogenous Opioids - ✔✔Natural peptides that combat pain and stress
✔✔Agonist - ✔✔substance that binds to a neuron and elicits a reaction as if it was that
neurotransmitter
✔✔Antagonist - ✔✔substance that binds to a neuron and prevents other
neurotransmitters from binding to it
✔✔Two ways AOD's impact reuptake - ✔✔prevent reuptake OR prevent the
metabolizing process that would remove the substance- both result in continued
stimulation of the neuron
✔✔Withdrawal Sx - ✔✔the oppopsite of intoxication sx
✔✔Amphetamines - ✔✔increase release and prevent reuptake of norepinephrine,
dopamine, adrenaline and serotonin. Not metabolized in the liver but excreted in urine
unchanged, can have a half-life of more than 10 hours. High risk of overdose which can
lead to cardiac arrest, stroke, brain hemorrage (and other concerns associated with
increased blood pressure)
