Week 3: Overview of Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System (Part 2)
and Drugs for Hematologic Disorders
Week 3 Module 1: Overview of Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System (Part 2) Objectives:
1. Explain the mechanism of action, specific effects on LDL/HDL/TG, contraindications, and adverse
effects of the following classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs:
● HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
● Bile Acid Sequestrants
● Fibrates
● Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
● Niacin
2. Distinguish between different statins in terms of their relative "intensity."
3. Determine a patient's atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease status and 10-year risk.
4. Develop a nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment plan for a patient with dyslipidemia using
practice guidelines.
5. Evaluate the role of newer non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs, including ezetimibe and
PCSK9inhibitors, in the management of hyperlipidemia.
, Chapter 44: Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help
Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Prophylaxis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
● Cholesterol
● Plasma lipoproteins
● Role of LDL cholesterol in atherosclerosis
● Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high cholesterol: Recommendations from ATP III
● Drugs and other products used to improve plasma lipid levels
Cholesterol
● Component of all cell membranes and membranes of intracellular organelles
● Required for synthesis of certain hormones and bile salts
● Deposited in stratum corneum of the skin
● Comes from dietary sources
● Manufactured by cells, primarily in the liver
● Increased dietary cholesterol produces only a small increase in cholesterol in the blood (inhibits
endogenous cholesterol production)
Drug Therapy: Not First-Line Therapy
● Drugs should be used only if TLCs fail
● HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
● Bile acid sequestrants
● Nicotinic acid (niacin)
● Fibrates (reduce levels of TGs, not LDLs)
Secondary Treatment Targets
● Metabolic syndrome
➢ High blood glucose
➢ High triglycerides
➢ High apolipoprotein B
➢ Low-HDL cholesterol
➢ Small LDL particles
➢ Prothrombotic state
➢ Proinflammatory state
➢ Hypertension
and Drugs for Hematologic Disorders
Week 3 Module 1: Overview of Drugs Affecting the Cardiovascular System (Part 2) Objectives:
1. Explain the mechanism of action, specific effects on LDL/HDL/TG, contraindications, and adverse
effects of the following classes of cholesterol-lowering drugs:
● HMG CoA Reductase Inhibitors
● Bile Acid Sequestrants
● Fibrates
● Cholesterol Absorption Inhibitors
● Niacin
2. Distinguish between different statins in terms of their relative "intensity."
3. Determine a patient's atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease status and 10-year risk.
4. Develop a nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatment plan for a patient with dyslipidemia using
practice guidelines.
5. Evaluate the role of newer non-statin cholesterol-lowering drugs, including ezetimibe and
PCSK9inhibitors, in the management of hyperlipidemia.
, Chapter 44: Prophylaxis of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Drugs That Help
Normalize Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels
Prophylaxis of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
● Cholesterol
● Plasma lipoproteins
● Role of LDL cholesterol in atherosclerosis
● Detection, evaluation, and treatment of high cholesterol: Recommendations from ATP III
● Drugs and other products used to improve plasma lipid levels
Cholesterol
● Component of all cell membranes and membranes of intracellular organelles
● Required for synthesis of certain hormones and bile salts
● Deposited in stratum corneum of the skin
● Comes from dietary sources
● Manufactured by cells, primarily in the liver
● Increased dietary cholesterol produces only a small increase in cholesterol in the blood (inhibits
endogenous cholesterol production)
Drug Therapy: Not First-Line Therapy
● Drugs should be used only if TLCs fail
● HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
● Bile acid sequestrants
● Nicotinic acid (niacin)
● Fibrates (reduce levels of TGs, not LDLs)
Secondary Treatment Targets
● Metabolic syndrome
➢ High blood glucose
➢ High triglycerides
➢ High apolipoprotein B
➢ Low-HDL cholesterol
➢ Small LDL particles
➢ Prothrombotic state
➢ Proinflammatory state
➢ Hypertension
