RNSG 1538 MOBILITY 2026/2027 | NURSING STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
cerebral palsy - ANS ✔✔Chronic, nonprogressive disorder of posture and movement.
Characterized by abnormal muscle tone and coordination
One of the most common permanent physical disability in childhood .
ROM, I&O, HOB up - ANS ✔✔A few things to consider for CP patients
-Nonprogressive lesions in the brain
-Myelin deficits
-Reduced plasticity
-Altered cell number
-Blockage of oligodendrocyte maturation
-Impaired axonal growth
-Altered synaptogenesis - ANS ✔✔Etiology of CP
talk - ANS ✔✔Don't assume that patient can't ________ for themselves. See if they can or cannot.
-Genetic causes
-Pregnancy-induced hypertension
-Birth trauma
-Anoxia, Asphyxia
-Intracranial hemorrhage
-Congenital abnormities
-Prematurity--very premature infants are 100 times likely to have CP - ANS ✔✔Prenatal/perinatal factors
for CP
-infection
-trauma (shaken baby synd.)
-stroke
-poisoning - ANS ✔✔Postnatal factors of CP
-Vary from child to child
-Persistence of primitive reflexes
-Delayed gross motor development
-Abnormal muscle tone
-Lack of Progression through developmental milestones
-Abnormal posturing/maintain posture and balance
-Spasticity or uncontrolled movements
-Ataxia and toe walking
-Seizures
-Attention-deficit disorder
-Sensory impairments
-Speech and swallowing impairments - ANS ✔✔Manifestations of CP
, -Infants at risk warrant careful assessment during early infancy (it's important to listen to the
parents/care giver)
-Neurologic examination and history
-Neuroimaging (MRI preferred method)
-Metabolic and genetic testing - ANS ✔✔Diagnostic Evaluation of CP
-Dyskinetic
-Spastic
-Ataxic
-Rigid (tremor, atonic)
-Mixed - ANS ✔✔Types of CP
-Poor head control after 3 months
-Stiff or ridge limbs
-Arching back/pushing away
-Floppy tone
-Unable to sit without support at age 8 months
-Clenched fists after 3 months - ANS ✔✔Possible Motor signs of CP
-Excessive irritability
-No smiling by age 3 months
-Feeding difficulties
Persistent tongue thrusting
Frequent gagging or choking
with feeds - ANS ✔✔Possible behavioral signs of CP
-Epilepsy
-Cognitive disability
-Learning problems
-Poor attention span
-Visual impairment
-Gastroesophageal reflux
-Poor nutritional status - ANS ✔✔Other disabilities with CP
Therapy:
Speech
Physical
Occupational
Play, etc.
Surgical intervention:
Nissen Fundoplication
Release contractures
Nonsurgical
Medications
Botox injection
From Recent Research:
Erythropoietin (Epogen ®)
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
cerebral palsy - ANS ✔✔Chronic, nonprogressive disorder of posture and movement.
Characterized by abnormal muscle tone and coordination
One of the most common permanent physical disability in childhood .
ROM, I&O, HOB up - ANS ✔✔A few things to consider for CP patients
-Nonprogressive lesions in the brain
-Myelin deficits
-Reduced plasticity
-Altered cell number
-Blockage of oligodendrocyte maturation
-Impaired axonal growth
-Altered synaptogenesis - ANS ✔✔Etiology of CP
talk - ANS ✔✔Don't assume that patient can't ________ for themselves. See if they can or cannot.
-Genetic causes
-Pregnancy-induced hypertension
-Birth trauma
-Anoxia, Asphyxia
-Intracranial hemorrhage
-Congenital abnormities
-Prematurity--very premature infants are 100 times likely to have CP - ANS ✔✔Prenatal/perinatal factors
for CP
-infection
-trauma (shaken baby synd.)
-stroke
-poisoning - ANS ✔✔Postnatal factors of CP
-Vary from child to child
-Persistence of primitive reflexes
-Delayed gross motor development
-Abnormal muscle tone
-Lack of Progression through developmental milestones
-Abnormal posturing/maintain posture and balance
-Spasticity or uncontrolled movements
-Ataxia and toe walking
-Seizures
-Attention-deficit disorder
-Sensory impairments
-Speech and swallowing impairments - ANS ✔✔Manifestations of CP
, -Infants at risk warrant careful assessment during early infancy (it's important to listen to the
parents/care giver)
-Neurologic examination and history
-Neuroimaging (MRI preferred method)
-Metabolic and genetic testing - ANS ✔✔Diagnostic Evaluation of CP
-Dyskinetic
-Spastic
-Ataxic
-Rigid (tremor, atonic)
-Mixed - ANS ✔✔Types of CP
-Poor head control after 3 months
-Stiff or ridge limbs
-Arching back/pushing away
-Floppy tone
-Unable to sit without support at age 8 months
-Clenched fists after 3 months - ANS ✔✔Possible Motor signs of CP
-Excessive irritability
-No smiling by age 3 months
-Feeding difficulties
Persistent tongue thrusting
Frequent gagging or choking
with feeds - ANS ✔✔Possible behavioral signs of CP
-Epilepsy
-Cognitive disability
-Learning problems
-Poor attention span
-Visual impairment
-Gastroesophageal reflux
-Poor nutritional status - ANS ✔✔Other disabilities with CP
Therapy:
Speech
Physical
Occupational
Play, etc.
Surgical intervention:
Nissen Fundoplication
Release contractures
Nonsurgical
Medications
Botox injection
From Recent Research:
Erythropoietin (Epogen ®)
