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INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE| CERTIFIED Q&A 2026-27
Biological (physiological) School of Psychology - correct-answer - -Investigates
how specific physiological processes explain individual differences
-Describe how internal biological events interact with the environment
Hindsight Bias - correct-answer - The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon
Vivid Cases - correct-answer - People fail to make accurate generalizations
because they are unduly influenced by vivid cases such as Jersey Shhore
Critical Thinking - correct-answer - -Does not accept arguments and conclusions
blindly
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-It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and
assesses conclusions
Empirical Approach - correct-answer - By testing their predictions with the
observational method of science, psychologists are using an empirical approach
The Scientific Method - correct-answer - 1. Question/Purpose
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Prepare
5. Experiment
6. Collect Data
7. Conclude/Analyze
Operational Definition - correct-answer - A statement of procedures used to
define research variables
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-Ex: human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an IQ test measures
-Ex: Depression isn't visible but you can be tested to see how depressed you are
Types of Descriptive Methods to Inform Hypotheses - correct-answer - -
Naturalistic Observation
-Case Study
-Surveys
Correlational methods - correct-answer - Associate different factors to show
relationships between them
Ex: Measuring how long a preschool teacher spends teaching ABC songs and how
well they know their ABCs
Correlation - correct-answer - -The degree to which one variable or set of data is
related to another variable/set of data
-Correlation does not prove causation
INTRO TO PSYCHOLOGY EXAM 1 STUDY
GUIDE| CERTIFIED Q&A 2026-27
Biological (physiological) School of Psychology - correct-answer - -Investigates
how specific physiological processes explain individual differences
-Describe how internal biological events interact with the environment
Hindsight Bias - correct-answer - The "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon
Vivid Cases - correct-answer - People fail to make accurate generalizations
because they are unduly influenced by vivid cases such as Jersey Shhore
Critical Thinking - correct-answer - -Does not accept arguments and conclusions
blindly
,2|Page
-It examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence and
assesses conclusions
Empirical Approach - correct-answer - By testing their predictions with the
observational method of science, psychologists are using an empirical approach
The Scientific Method - correct-answer - 1. Question/Purpose
2. Research
3. Hypothesis
4. Prepare
5. Experiment
6. Collect Data
7. Conclude/Analyze
Operational Definition - correct-answer - A statement of procedures used to
define research variables
, 3|Page
-Ex: human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an IQ test measures
-Ex: Depression isn't visible but you can be tested to see how depressed you are
Types of Descriptive Methods to Inform Hypotheses - correct-answer - -
Naturalistic Observation
-Case Study
-Surveys
Correlational methods - correct-answer - Associate different factors to show
relationships between them
Ex: Measuring how long a preschool teacher spends teaching ABC songs and how
well they know their ABCs
Correlation - correct-answer - -The degree to which one variable or set of data is
related to another variable/set of data
-Correlation does not prove causation
