ASU HCR 240 SARDER EXAM #3
2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
1 of 181
Definition
-least concentrated
-acts as a mediator of many common allergic responses
-defense against parasites
Give this one a go later!
Fungi IgE
IgD Klinefelter syndrome
Don't know?
, 2 of 181
Term
What can cause Hypercalcemia?
Give this one a go later!
Hyperparathyroidism
• Hematologic malignancy
• Malignancies with bone metastasis
• Prolonged immobilization
• Vitamin A or D overdose
• Paget's disease
• Adrenal insufficiency with Addison's disease
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Thiazide diuretics
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Calcium-containing antacids
• Mycobacterium infection
Bone cancer, renal failure
Excessive Sodium Loss
• GI losses: diarrhea, vomiting, fistulas, NG suction
• Renal losses: diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, Na+ wasting renal disease
• Skin losses: burns, wound drainage
Inadequate Sodium Intake
Excessive Water Gain (↓ sodium concentration)
• SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)
• Heart failure
• Primary hypoaldosterone
, Renal failure
• IV administration of magnesium, especially for treatment of eclampsia
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Hypothyroidism
• Metastatic bone disease
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Antacids, laxatives
Ren l f a il u r e
Malab s o r p t ion syndromes, poor nutrition, refeeding syndromes
Don't know?
3 of 181
Definition
-Unintentional and intentional injury
*Falls, motor vehicle injuries, opioid overdose, poisonings
*Sports- and recreation-related injuries in children
*Firearms
*Medical care (medical errors)
*Suicide
-Temperature extremes and climate change
*Hypothermic injury: Slows cellular metabolic processes. Produces
reactive oxygen species.
*Hyperthermic injury: Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
**Malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
**Drug-induced hyperthermia
**Burns
**Overheating, sudden infant death syndrome
-Sudden increases or decreases in atmospheric pressure
*Blast injury
*Decompression sickness or caisson disease
, *"The bends," diver disease
*High-altitude illness
*High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
*High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
*Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
Give this one a go later!
Cellular Death: Cellular Injury:
Types of Necrosis Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Cellular Injury
Cellular Injury
Physical & Mechanical Factors
Genetic Factors
Don't know?
4 of 181
Term
What can cause Hypocalcemia?
Give this one a go later!
GI tract fluid losses (e.g., diarrhea, NG suction)
• Chronic alcoholism
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Prolonged malnutrition
• ↑ Urine output
2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE
QUESTIONS, ANSWERS & EXAM REVIEW
1 of 181
Definition
-least concentrated
-acts as a mediator of many common allergic responses
-defense against parasites
Give this one a go later!
Fungi IgE
IgD Klinefelter syndrome
Don't know?
, 2 of 181
Term
What can cause Hypercalcemia?
Give this one a go later!
Hyperparathyroidism
• Hematologic malignancy
• Malignancies with bone metastasis
• Prolonged immobilization
• Vitamin A or D overdose
• Paget's disease
• Adrenal insufficiency with Addison's disease
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Thiazide diuretics
• Milk-alkali syndrome
• Calcium-containing antacids
• Mycobacterium infection
Bone cancer, renal failure
Excessive Sodium Loss
• GI losses: diarrhea, vomiting, fistulas, NG suction
• Renal losses: diuretics, adrenal insufficiency, Na+ wasting renal disease
• Skin losses: burns, wound drainage
Inadequate Sodium Intake
Excessive Water Gain (↓ sodium concentration)
• SIADH (Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion)
• Heart failure
• Primary hypoaldosterone
, Renal failure
• IV administration of magnesium, especially for treatment of eclampsia
• Tumor lysis syndrome
• Hypothyroidism
• Metastatic bone disease
• Adrenal insufficiency
• Antacids, laxatives
Ren l f a il u r e
Malab s o r p t ion syndromes, poor nutrition, refeeding syndromes
Don't know?
3 of 181
Definition
-Unintentional and intentional injury
*Falls, motor vehicle injuries, opioid overdose, poisonings
*Sports- and recreation-related injuries in children
*Firearms
*Medical care (medical errors)
*Suicide
-Temperature extremes and climate change
*Hypothermic injury: Slows cellular metabolic processes. Produces
reactive oxygen species.
*Hyperthermic injury: Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke
**Malignant hyperthermia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome
**Drug-induced hyperthermia
**Burns
**Overheating, sudden infant death syndrome
-Sudden increases or decreases in atmospheric pressure
*Blast injury
*Decompression sickness or caisson disease
, *"The bends," diver disease
*High-altitude illness
*High-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE)
*High-altitude cerebral edema (HACE)
*Acute mountain sickness (AMS)
Give this one a go later!
Cellular Death: Cellular Injury:
Types of Necrosis Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Cellular Injury
Cellular Injury
Physical & Mechanical Factors
Genetic Factors
Don't know?
4 of 181
Term
What can cause Hypocalcemia?
Give this one a go later!
GI tract fluid losses (e.g., diarrhea, NG suction)
• Chronic alcoholism
• Malabsorption syndromes
• Prolonged malnutrition
• ↑ Urine output
