CHAPTER 22: BASIC PATHOLOGIES OF RENAL DISORDERS (DAVIS QUIZ)
2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Which of the following substances may be needed as a supplement for a patient suffering renal
osteodystrophy?
-Iron
-Vitamin D
-Glucosamine
-Vitamin E - ANS ✔✔Vitamin D
Rationale: In renal osteodystrophy, a patient suffers bone breakdown due to low calcium retention by
the kidneys. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption.
A patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 110 ml/min. Which of the following interpretations is
correct?
-Renal function is normal.
-The value is too high; the kidneys are not concentrating the urine.
-This value is too low; the patient is retaining fluids.
-The value is too low due to decreased renal perfusion. - ANS ✔✔Renal function is normal.
Rationale: A normal renal function occurs with a GFR > 90 ml/min, so the patient's value would enable
normal renal function.
A patient's urinalysis reveals the presence of glucose. Which of the following should be considered first?
-The patient is eating too many carbohydrates.
-Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is concentrating the urine too much
-The patient may have diabetes mellitus.
-The patient has kidney failure. - ANS ✔✔The patient may have diabetes mellitus.
Rationale: Glucose in the urine is often a sign of diabetes mellitus, not a sign of renal problems.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recorded as 12 ml/min. What is the correct interpretation by the
nurse?
-Renal function has returned to normal. The patient is ready to be discharged.
-Renal function is not normal, as the patient is in stage 3 chronic renal failure (CRF).
-Renal function is above normal levels.
-Renal function indicates stage 5 CRF. - ANS ✔✔Renal function indicates stage 5 CRF.
Rationale: Normal renal function requires a GFR of 90 ml/min. The patient's level is severely reduced,
placing him in Stage 5 of renal disease.
A patient is to undergo renal ultrasound. Which of the following is the test most likely used to assess?
-Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
-Hydronephrosis
-Casts
-Azotemia - ANS ✔✔Hydronephrosis
2026/2027 | STUDY GUIDE, PRACTICE QUESTIONS & EXAM REVIEW
Which of the following substances may be needed as a supplement for a patient suffering renal
osteodystrophy?
-Iron
-Vitamin D
-Glucosamine
-Vitamin E - ANS ✔✔Vitamin D
Rationale: In renal osteodystrophy, a patient suffers bone breakdown due to low calcium retention by
the kidneys. Vitamin D helps with calcium absorption.
A patient's glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is 110 ml/min. Which of the following interpretations is
correct?
-Renal function is normal.
-The value is too high; the kidneys are not concentrating the urine.
-This value is too low; the patient is retaining fluids.
-The value is too low due to decreased renal perfusion. - ANS ✔✔Renal function is normal.
Rationale: A normal renal function occurs with a GFR > 90 ml/min, so the patient's value would enable
normal renal function.
A patient's urinalysis reveals the presence of glucose. Which of the following should be considered first?
-The patient is eating too many carbohydrates.
-Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is concentrating the urine too much
-The patient may have diabetes mellitus.
-The patient has kidney failure. - ANS ✔✔The patient may have diabetes mellitus.
Rationale: Glucose in the urine is often a sign of diabetes mellitus, not a sign of renal problems.
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is recorded as 12 ml/min. What is the correct interpretation by the
nurse?
-Renal function has returned to normal. The patient is ready to be discharged.
-Renal function is not normal, as the patient is in stage 3 chronic renal failure (CRF).
-Renal function is above normal levels.
-Renal function indicates stage 5 CRF. - ANS ✔✔Renal function indicates stage 5 CRF.
Rationale: Normal renal function requires a GFR of 90 ml/min. The patient's level is severely reduced,
placing him in Stage 5 of renal disease.
A patient is to undergo renal ultrasound. Which of the following is the test most likely used to assess?
-Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
-Hydronephrosis
-Casts
-Azotemia - ANS ✔✔Hydronephrosis
