NUR 2513 PEDIATRIC NURSING FINAL
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial
development, which of the following outcomes indicates successful resolution of the
developmental task for this age group?
A. The infant demonstrates autonomy by reaching for toys.
B. The infant achieves industry by mastering new motor skills.
C. The infant shows initiative by mimicking facial expressions.
D. The infant develops a sense of trust when needs are consistently met.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For infants (birth to 1 year), the primary task is Trust
vs. Mistrust. Consistency in care allows the infant to develop a sense of security and trust in
their caregivers.
2. A child is admitted with suspected Epiglottitis. Which of the following nursing interventions
is the highest priority?
A. Preparing for immediate endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
,B. Obtaining a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
C. Applying warm compresses to the neck area to reduce swelling.
D. Visualizing the airway using a tongue depressor to assess inflammation.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to rapid airway
obstruction. Airway management is the priority. Throat cultures or using a tongue blade
can trigger laryngospasm and complete occlusion.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Pyloric Stenosis in an infant?
A. Biliary-stained emesis occurring after feedings.
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
C. Projectile, non-bilious vomiting followed by hunger.
D. Abdominal distension and failure to pass meconium.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis involves hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter,
leading to forceful, non-bilious projectile vomiting. The infant remains hungry because food
cannot pass into the small intestine.
4. A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and experiences a ‘Tet spell’ during
a blood draw. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the child in a knee-chest position.
, B. Administer a dose of IV Morphine Sulfate.
C. Administer 100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask.
D. Call for a rapid response team immediately.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves pulmonary blood flow, helping to
resolve the cyanotic episode.
5. When providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis, which
instruction regarding pancreatic enzyme replacement is correct?
A. Administer the enzymes only before the largest meal of the day.
B. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
C. Mix the enzymes with hot food to ensure they are fully dissolved.
D. Skip the dose if the child is having frequent, fatty stools.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with CF have pancreatic insufficiency and require
enzymes with all meals and snacks to facilitate the digestion and absorption of fats and
proteins.
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. A nurse is assessing a 6-month-old infant. According to Erikson’s stages of psychosocial
development, which of the following outcomes indicates successful resolution of the
developmental task for this age group?
A. The infant demonstrates autonomy by reaching for toys.
B. The infant achieves industry by mastering new motor skills.
C. The infant shows initiative by mimicking facial expressions.
D. The infant develops a sense of trust when needs are consistently met.
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: For infants (birth to 1 year), the primary task is Trust
vs. Mistrust. Consistency in care allows the infant to develop a sense of security and trust in
their caregivers.
2. A child is admitted with suspected Epiglottitis. Which of the following nursing interventions
is the highest priority?
A. Preparing for immediate endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy.
,B. Obtaining a throat culture to identify the causative organism.
C. Applying warm compresses to the neck area to reduce swelling.
D. Visualizing the airway using a tongue depressor to assess inflammation.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Epiglottitis is a medical emergency that can lead to rapid airway
obstruction. Airway management is the priority. Throat cultures or using a tongue blade
can trigger laryngospasm and complete occlusion.
3. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of Pyloric Stenosis in an infant?
A. Biliary-stained emesis occurring after feedings.
B. Ribbon-like, foul-smelling stools.
C. Projectile, non-bilious vomiting followed by hunger.
D. Abdominal distension and failure to pass meconium.
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Pyloric stenosis involves hypertrophy of the pyloric sphincter,
leading to forceful, non-bilious projectile vomiting. The infant remains hungry because food
cannot pass into the small intestine.
4. A 4-year-old child is diagnosed with Tetralogy of Fallot and experiences a ‘Tet spell’ during
a blood draw. Which action should the nurse take first?
A. Place the child in a knee-chest position.
, B. Administer a dose of IV Morphine Sulfate.
C. Administer 100% oxygen via non-rebreather mask.
D. Call for a rapid response team immediately.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The knee-chest position increases systemic vascular resistance,
which reduces the right-to-left shunt and improves pulmonary blood flow, helping to
resolve the cyanotic episode.
5. When providing discharge teaching to the parents of a child with Cystic Fibrosis, which
instruction regarding pancreatic enzyme replacement is correct?
A. Administer the enzymes only before the largest meal of the day.
B. Give the enzymes with every meal and snack.
C. Mix the enzymes with hot food to ensure they are fully dissolved.
D. Skip the dose if the child is having frequent, fatty stools.
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Children with CF have pancreatic insufficiency and require
enzymes with all meals and snacks to facilitate the digestion and absorption of fats and
proteins.
