Western Governors University D 440
Fundamental HESI, Hesi Fundamentals, Hesi
Fundamentals Practice Test, UNIT 1:
Foundations of Nursing Practice Questions
and Verified Answers Latest Updated
2026
Which assessment data would provide the most C) Examining a chest x-ray obtained after the tubing was
inserted accurate determination of proper placement of a
nasogastric tube? Both (A and B) are methods used to determine proper placement of the
NG tubing. However, the best indicator that the tubing is properly placed is (C).
(D)
A) Aspirating gastric contents to assure a pH value of 4 is not an indicator of proper
placement or less.
B) Hearing air pass in the stomach after injecting air into
the tubing.
C) Examining a chest x-ray obtained after the tubing
was inserted.
D) Checking the remaining length of tubing to
ensure that the correct length was inserted.
1/
18
,When assisting an 82-year-old client to ambulate, it is B) Upper
torso important for the nurse to realize that the center of
gravity for an elderly person is the The center of gravity for adults is the hips. However, as the person grows older,
a stooped posture is common because of the changes from osteoporosis and
A) Arms. normal bone degeneration, and the knees, hips, and elbows flex. This stooped
B) Upper torso. posture results in the upper torso (B) becoming the center of gravity for older
C) Head. persons. Although (A) is a part, or an extension of the upper torso, this is not
D) Feet the best and most complete answer.
Which action is most important for the nurse to C) Keep gloved hands above the
elbows implement when donning sterile gloves?
Gloved hands held below waist level are considered unsterile (C). (A and B) are
A) Maintain thumb at a ninety degree angle. not essential to maintaining asepsis. While it may be helpful to put the glove on
B) Hold hands with fingers down while gloving. the dominant hand first, it is not necessary to ensure asepsis (D).
C) Keep gloved hands above the elbows.
D) Put the glove on the dominant hand first.
An adult male client with a history of hypertension tells A) It is important that you continue your medication while learning to
meditate the nurse that he is tired of taking antihypertensive
medications and is going to try spiritual meditation The prolonged practice of meditation may lead to a reduced need for
instead. What should be the nurse's first response? antihypertensive medications. However, the medications must be continued (A)
while the physiologic response to meditation is monitored. (B) is not as
A) It is important that you continue your medication important as continuing the medication. The healthcare provider should be
while learning to meditate. informed, but permission is not required to meditate (C). Although it is true that
B) Spiritual meditation requires a time commitment of 15this complimentary therapy might be effective (D), it is essential that the
client to 20 minutes daily. continue with antihypertensive medications until the effect of meditation can
C) Obtain your healthcare provider's permission before be
measured starting meditation.
D) Complementary therapy and western medicine can
be effective for you.
The nurse plans to obtain health assessment A)
Client information from a primary source. Which option is a
primary source for the completion of the health A primary source of information for a health assessment is the client (A). (B, C,
assessment? and D) are considered secondary sources about the client's health history,
but
other details, such as subjective data, can only be provided directly from the
A) Client. client.
B) Healthcare provider.
C) A family member.
D) Previous medical records
2/
18
, The nurse is instructing a client with high cholesterol C) I will limit my intake of beef to 4 ounces per
week about diet and life style modification. What comment
from the client indicates that the teaching has been Limiting saturated fat from animal food sources to no more than 4 ounces
per effective? week (C) is an important diet modification for lowering cholesterol. To be
effective in reducing cholesterol, the client should exercise 30 minutes per day,
A) If I exercise at least two times weekly for one hour, I or at least 4 to 6 times per week (A). Red meat and all proteins do not
need to will lower my cholesterol. be eliminated (B) to lower cholesterol, but should be restricted to lean cuts of
B) I need to avoid eating proteins, including red meat. red meat and smaller portions (2-ounce servings). The low density lipoproteins
C) I will limit my intake of beef to 4 ounces per week. (D) need to decrease rather than increase
D) My blood level of low density lipoproteins needs
to increase.
Examination of a client complaining of itching on his B) Localized red rash comprised of flat areas, pinpoint to 0.5 cm in
diameter right arm reveals a rash made up of multiple flat areas
of redness ranging from pinpoint to 0.5 cm in diameter. Macules are localized flat skin discolorations less than 1 cm in diameter.
How should the nurse record this finding? However, when recording such a finding the nurse should describe the
appearance (B) rather than simply naming the condition. (A) identifies vesicles -
A) Multiple vesicular areas surrounded by redness, - fluid filled blisters -- an incorrect description given the symptoms listed. (C)
ranging in size from 1 mm to 0.5 cm. identifies papules -- solid elevated lesions, again not correctly identifying the
B) Localized red rash comprised of flat areas, pinpoint symptoms. (D) identifies petechiae -- pinpoint red to purple skin discolorations
to 0.5 cm in diameter. that do not itch, again an incorrect identification
C) Several areas of red, papular lesions from pinpoint to
0.5 cm in size.
D) Localized petechial areas, ranging in size from
pinpoint to 0.5 cm in diameter.
A client who is 5' 5" tall and weighs 200 pounds is A) What is your daily calorie consumption?
scheduled for surgery the next day. What question is
most important for the nurse to include during the Vitamin and mineral supplements (B) may impact medications used during the
preoperative assessment? operative period. (A and C) are appropriate questions for long-term
dietary
counseling. The nature of the surgery and anesthesia will determine the need
A) What is your daily calorie consumption? for a clear liquid diet (D), rather than the client's preference
B)What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?
C) Do you feel that you are overweight?
D) Will a clear liquid diet be okay after surgery?
The nurse is performing nasotracheal suctioning. After D) Re-oxygenate the client before attempting to
suction again suctioning the client's trachea for fifteen seconds, large
amounts of thick yellow secretions return. What action Suctioning should not be continued for longer than ten to fifteen seconds,
should the nurse implement next? since the client's oxygenation is compromised during this time (D). (A, B, and C)
may be performed after the client is re-oxygenated and additional suctioning is
A) Encourage the client to cough to help loosen performed.
secretions.
B)Advise the client to increase the intake of oral fluids.
C) Rotate the suction catheter to obtain any
remaining secretions.
D) Re-oxygenate the client before attempting to
suction again.
3/
18
Fundamental HESI, Hesi Fundamentals, Hesi
Fundamentals Practice Test, UNIT 1:
Foundations of Nursing Practice Questions
and Verified Answers Latest Updated
2026
Which assessment data would provide the most C) Examining a chest x-ray obtained after the tubing was
inserted accurate determination of proper placement of a
nasogastric tube? Both (A and B) are methods used to determine proper placement of the
NG tubing. However, the best indicator that the tubing is properly placed is (C).
(D)
A) Aspirating gastric contents to assure a pH value of 4 is not an indicator of proper
placement or less.
B) Hearing air pass in the stomach after injecting air into
the tubing.
C) Examining a chest x-ray obtained after the tubing
was inserted.
D) Checking the remaining length of tubing to
ensure that the correct length was inserted.
1/
18
,When assisting an 82-year-old client to ambulate, it is B) Upper
torso important for the nurse to realize that the center of
gravity for an elderly person is the The center of gravity for adults is the hips. However, as the person grows older,
a stooped posture is common because of the changes from osteoporosis and
A) Arms. normal bone degeneration, and the knees, hips, and elbows flex. This stooped
B) Upper torso. posture results in the upper torso (B) becoming the center of gravity for older
C) Head. persons. Although (A) is a part, or an extension of the upper torso, this is not
D) Feet the best and most complete answer.
Which action is most important for the nurse to C) Keep gloved hands above the
elbows implement when donning sterile gloves?
Gloved hands held below waist level are considered unsterile (C). (A and B) are
A) Maintain thumb at a ninety degree angle. not essential to maintaining asepsis. While it may be helpful to put the glove on
B) Hold hands with fingers down while gloving. the dominant hand first, it is not necessary to ensure asepsis (D).
C) Keep gloved hands above the elbows.
D) Put the glove on the dominant hand first.
An adult male client with a history of hypertension tells A) It is important that you continue your medication while learning to
meditate the nurse that he is tired of taking antihypertensive
medications and is going to try spiritual meditation The prolonged practice of meditation may lead to a reduced need for
instead. What should be the nurse's first response? antihypertensive medications. However, the medications must be continued (A)
while the physiologic response to meditation is monitored. (B) is not as
A) It is important that you continue your medication important as continuing the medication. The healthcare provider should be
while learning to meditate. informed, but permission is not required to meditate (C). Although it is true that
B) Spiritual meditation requires a time commitment of 15this complimentary therapy might be effective (D), it is essential that the
client to 20 minutes daily. continue with antihypertensive medications until the effect of meditation can
C) Obtain your healthcare provider's permission before be
measured starting meditation.
D) Complementary therapy and western medicine can
be effective for you.
The nurse plans to obtain health assessment A)
Client information from a primary source. Which option is a
primary source for the completion of the health A primary source of information for a health assessment is the client (A). (B, C,
assessment? and D) are considered secondary sources about the client's health history,
but
other details, such as subjective data, can only be provided directly from the
A) Client. client.
B) Healthcare provider.
C) A family member.
D) Previous medical records
2/
18
, The nurse is instructing a client with high cholesterol C) I will limit my intake of beef to 4 ounces per
week about diet and life style modification. What comment
from the client indicates that the teaching has been Limiting saturated fat from animal food sources to no more than 4 ounces
per effective? week (C) is an important diet modification for lowering cholesterol. To be
effective in reducing cholesterol, the client should exercise 30 minutes per day,
A) If I exercise at least two times weekly for one hour, I or at least 4 to 6 times per week (A). Red meat and all proteins do not
need to will lower my cholesterol. be eliminated (B) to lower cholesterol, but should be restricted to lean cuts of
B) I need to avoid eating proteins, including red meat. red meat and smaller portions (2-ounce servings). The low density lipoproteins
C) I will limit my intake of beef to 4 ounces per week. (D) need to decrease rather than increase
D) My blood level of low density lipoproteins needs
to increase.
Examination of a client complaining of itching on his B) Localized red rash comprised of flat areas, pinpoint to 0.5 cm in
diameter right arm reveals a rash made up of multiple flat areas
of redness ranging from pinpoint to 0.5 cm in diameter. Macules are localized flat skin discolorations less than 1 cm in diameter.
How should the nurse record this finding? However, when recording such a finding the nurse should describe the
appearance (B) rather than simply naming the condition. (A) identifies vesicles -
A) Multiple vesicular areas surrounded by redness, - fluid filled blisters -- an incorrect description given the symptoms listed. (C)
ranging in size from 1 mm to 0.5 cm. identifies papules -- solid elevated lesions, again not correctly identifying the
B) Localized red rash comprised of flat areas, pinpoint symptoms. (D) identifies petechiae -- pinpoint red to purple skin discolorations
to 0.5 cm in diameter. that do not itch, again an incorrect identification
C) Several areas of red, papular lesions from pinpoint to
0.5 cm in size.
D) Localized petechial areas, ranging in size from
pinpoint to 0.5 cm in diameter.
A client who is 5' 5" tall and weighs 200 pounds is A) What is your daily calorie consumption?
scheduled for surgery the next day. What question is
most important for the nurse to include during the Vitamin and mineral supplements (B) may impact medications used during the
preoperative assessment? operative period. (A and C) are appropriate questions for long-term
dietary
counseling. The nature of the surgery and anesthesia will determine the need
A) What is your daily calorie consumption? for a clear liquid diet (D), rather than the client's preference
B)What vitamin and mineral supplements do you take?
C) Do you feel that you are overweight?
D) Will a clear liquid diet be okay after surgery?
The nurse is performing nasotracheal suctioning. After D) Re-oxygenate the client before attempting to
suction again suctioning the client's trachea for fifteen seconds, large
amounts of thick yellow secretions return. What action Suctioning should not be continued for longer than ten to fifteen seconds,
should the nurse implement next? since the client's oxygenation is compromised during this time (D). (A, B, and C)
may be performed after the client is re-oxygenated and additional suctioning is
A) Encourage the client to cough to help loosen performed.
secretions.
B)Advise the client to increase the intake of oral fluids.
C) Rotate the suction catheter to obtain any
remaining secretions.
D) Re-oxygenate the client before attempting to
suction again.
3/
18
