AANP FNP | Pediatrics, Women's Health and Adult Primary
Care Exam - Comprehensive Questions and Answers with
Detailed Rationales
Pediatrics
1.
A 2-month-old infant is brought for a routine well-child visit. Which
vaccine is routinely administered at this age?
A. MMR
B. Rotavirus
C. Varicella
D. Hepatitis A
Correct answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus vaccination begins in early infancy and is routinely
given at the 2-month visit. MMR, varicella, and hepatitis A are
administered later in childhood.
2.
A 6-month-old infant has received the recommended primary infant
immunizations. Which developmental milestone is most appropriate for
this age?
A. Walking independently
B. Sitting with support
C. Riding a tricycle
D. Using two-word phrases
Correct answer: B. Sitting with support
,Rationale: By approximately 6 months, infants commonly sit with
support and demonstrate increasing trunk control. Independent
walking and two-word phrases occur much later.
3.
A 9-month-old infant is unable to sit independently. What is the most
appropriate FNP action?
A. Reassure the parents that this is always normal
B. Begin evaluation for developmental delay
C. Diagnose cerebral palsy
D. Wait until age 2 years for assessment
Correct answer: B. Begin evaluation for developmental delay
Rationale: Failure to sit independently around this age warrants
developmental assessment. A delay does not establish a specific
diagnosis but should prompt further evaluation.
4.
A 12-month-old child drinks excessive cow's milk and has pallor and
fatigue. Which condition is most likely?
A. Iron-deficiency anemia
B. Sickle cell crisis
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemolytic anemia
Correct answer: A. Iron-deficiency anemia
,Rationale: Excessive cow's milk consumption can displace iron-rich
foods and contribute to iron deficiency in toddlers. Pallor and fatigue
are common manifestations.
5.
A 2-year-old has a barking cough and inspiratory stridor that worsens at
night. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Asthma
D. Foreign-body aspiration
Correct answer: B. Croup
Rationale: Croup typically causes a barking cough and inspiratory
stridor from upper-airway inflammation, commonly associated with
viral infection.
6.
A child with croup develops stridor at rest and increased work of
breathing. Which treatment is appropriate?
A. Oral antihistamine only
B. Nebulized epinephrine with corticosteroid therapy
C. Immediate antibiotics for all cases
D. Albuterol monotherapy
Correct answer: B. Nebulized epinephrine with corticosteroid therapy
, Rationale: Moderate-to-severe croup with stridor at rest is treated with
corticosteroids; nebulized epinephrine provides rapid temporary
reduction in airway edema.
7.
A 4-year-old presents with fever, drooling, muffled voice, and a toxic
appearance. What is the priority?
A. Examine the throat with a tongue depressor
B. Obtain a routine throat culture
C. Secure the airway and arrange emergency care
D. Treat with oral antihistamines
Correct answer: C. Secure the airway and arrange emergency care
Rationale: These findings suggest possible epiglottitis or another
dangerous upper-airway process. Manipulating the airway
unnecessarily can precipitate obstruction.
8.
A 5-year-old has fever, sore throat, tender anterior cervical nodes,
tonsillar exudates, and no cough. What is the most appropriate
diagnostic approach?
A. Rapid group A streptococcal testing
B. Chest radiography
C. Monospot testing in every case
D. No testing is ever indicated
Correct answer: A. Rapid group A streptococcal testing
Care Exam - Comprehensive Questions and Answers with
Detailed Rationales
Pediatrics
1.
A 2-month-old infant is brought for a routine well-child visit. Which
vaccine is routinely administered at this age?
A. MMR
B. Rotavirus
C. Varicella
D. Hepatitis A
Correct answer: B. Rotavirus
Rationale: Rotavirus vaccination begins in early infancy and is routinely
given at the 2-month visit. MMR, varicella, and hepatitis A are
administered later in childhood.
2.
A 6-month-old infant has received the recommended primary infant
immunizations. Which developmental milestone is most appropriate for
this age?
A. Walking independently
B. Sitting with support
C. Riding a tricycle
D. Using two-word phrases
Correct answer: B. Sitting with support
,Rationale: By approximately 6 months, infants commonly sit with
support and demonstrate increasing trunk control. Independent
walking and two-word phrases occur much later.
3.
A 9-month-old infant is unable to sit independently. What is the most
appropriate FNP action?
A. Reassure the parents that this is always normal
B. Begin evaluation for developmental delay
C. Diagnose cerebral palsy
D. Wait until age 2 years for assessment
Correct answer: B. Begin evaluation for developmental delay
Rationale: Failure to sit independently around this age warrants
developmental assessment. A delay does not establish a specific
diagnosis but should prompt further evaluation.
4.
A 12-month-old child drinks excessive cow's milk and has pallor and
fatigue. Which condition is most likely?
A. Iron-deficiency anemia
B. Sickle cell crisis
C. Vitamin B12 deficiency
D. Hemolytic anemia
Correct answer: A. Iron-deficiency anemia
,Rationale: Excessive cow's milk consumption can displace iron-rich
foods and contribute to iron deficiency in toddlers. Pallor and fatigue
are common manifestations.
5.
A 2-year-old has a barking cough and inspiratory stridor that worsens at
night. Which diagnosis is most likely?
A. Epiglottitis
B. Croup
C. Asthma
D. Foreign-body aspiration
Correct answer: B. Croup
Rationale: Croup typically causes a barking cough and inspiratory
stridor from upper-airway inflammation, commonly associated with
viral infection.
6.
A child with croup develops stridor at rest and increased work of
breathing. Which treatment is appropriate?
A. Oral antihistamine only
B. Nebulized epinephrine with corticosteroid therapy
C. Immediate antibiotics for all cases
D. Albuterol monotherapy
Correct answer: B. Nebulized epinephrine with corticosteroid therapy
, Rationale: Moderate-to-severe croup with stridor at rest is treated with
corticosteroids; nebulized epinephrine provides rapid temporary
reduction in airway edema.
7.
A 4-year-old presents with fever, drooling, muffled voice, and a toxic
appearance. What is the priority?
A. Examine the throat with a tongue depressor
B. Obtain a routine throat culture
C. Secure the airway and arrange emergency care
D. Treat with oral antihistamines
Correct answer: C. Secure the airway and arrange emergency care
Rationale: These findings suggest possible epiglottitis or another
dangerous upper-airway process. Manipulating the airway
unnecessarily can precipitate obstruction.
8.
A 5-year-old has fever, sore throat, tender anterior cervical nodes,
tonsillar exudates, and no cough. What is the most appropriate
diagnostic approach?
A. Rapid group A streptococcal testing
B. Chest radiography
C. Monospot testing in every case
D. No testing is ever indicated
Correct answer: A. Rapid group A streptococcal testing
