PCB 3023 FINAL EXAM NEWEST 2026-2027
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 160 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!
__________ are fairly small organelles that provide a safe place within the cell to carry out
certain biochemical reactions that generate harmful, highly reactive oxygen species. These
chemicals are both generated and broken down in the same location.
(a) Nucleosomes
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Peroxisomes
(d) Endosomes - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) Peroxisomes
1-37 Which of the following choices best describes the role of the lysosome? "lysosome=Lysol"
- CORRECT ANSWER: (b) clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules
A hungry yeast cell lands in a vat of grape juice and begins to feast on the sugars there,
producing carbon dioxide and ethanol in the process:
C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + H+ → 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH + 2ATP + 2H2O
Unfortunately, the grape juice is contaminated with proteases that attack some of the transport
proteins in the yeast cell membrane, and the yeast cell dies. Which of the following could
account for the yeast cell's demise?
(a) toxic buildup of carbon dioxide inside the cell
(b) toxic buildup of ethanol inside the cell
(c) diffusion of ATP out of the cell
,(d) inability to import sugar into the cell - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) inability to import sugar
into the cell
A large protein that passes through the nuclear pore must have an appropriate _________.
(a) sorting sequence, which typically contains the positively charged amino acids lysine and
arginine.
(b) sorting sequence, which typically contains the hydrophobic amino acids leucine and
isoleucine.
(c) sequence to interact with the nuclear fibrils.
(d) Ran-interacting protein domain. - CORRECT ANSWER: (a) sorting sequence, which
typically contains the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine.
A. thaliana, or Arabidopsis, is a common weed. Biologists have selected it over hundreds of
thousands of other flowering plant species to serve as an experimental model organism because
__________________.
(a) it can withstand extremely cold climates.
(b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.
(c) it produces thousands of offspring per plant.
(d) Both (b) and (c) are true. - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.
Active transport requires the input of energy into a system so as to move solutes against their
electrochemical and concentration gradients. Which of the following is not one of the common
ways to perform active transport?
(a) Na+-coupled
(b) K+-coupled
(c) ATP-driven
(d) light-driven - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) K+-coupled
,After isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the rest of the cytoplasm, you purify the
RNAs attached to it. Which of the following proteins do you expect the RNA from the rough
endoplasmic reticulum to encode?
(a) soluble secreted proteins
(b) ER membrane proteins
(c) plasma membrane proteins
(d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) all of the above
Although the extracellular environment has a high sodium ion concentration and the intracellular
environment has a high potassium ion concentration, both must be neutralized by negatively
charged molecules. In the extracellular case, what is the principal anion?
(a) HCO3-
(b) Cl-
(c) PO43-
(d) OH- - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) Cl-
Although there are many distinct prokaryotic species, most have a small range of shapes, sizes,
and growth rates. Which of the following characteristics are not observed in prokaryotes?
(a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) the ability to divide rapidly
(d) a cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER: (a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
An individual transport vesicle ________.
(a) contains only one type of protein in its lumen.
(b) will fuse with only one type of membrane.
(c) is endocytic if it is traveling toward the plasma membrane.
, (d) is enclosed by a membrane with the same lipid and protein composition as the membrane of
the donor organelle. - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) is endocytic if it is traveling toward the plasma
membrane.
Approximately, how many distinct synapses are established on the dendrites and cell body of a
motor neuron in the spinal cord?
(a) tens
(b) hundreds
(c) thousands
(d) millions - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) thousands
Below is a list of molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules
will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the option below that most accurately
predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (fastest to slowest).
alanine estrogen propanol sodium
(a) alanine > propanol > sodium > estrogen
(b) sodium > propanol > alanine > estrogen
(c) estrogen > propanol > sodium > alanine
(d) estrogen > propanol > alanine > sodium - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) estrogen > propanol >
alanine > sodium
Biologists cannot possibly study all living species. Instead, they try to understand cell behavior
by studying a select subset of them. Which of the following characteristics are useful in an
organism chosen for use as a model in laboratory studies?
(a) amenability to genetic manipulation
(b) ability to grow under controlled conditions
(c) rapid rate of reproduction
(d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) all of the above
ACTUAL EXAM COMPLETE 160 QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS
(VERIFIED ANSWERS) ALREADY GRADED A+
BRAND NEW!!
__________ are fairly small organelles that provide a safe place within the cell to carry out
certain biochemical reactions that generate harmful, highly reactive oxygen species. These
chemicals are both generated and broken down in the same location.
(a) Nucleosomes
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Peroxisomes
(d) Endosomes - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) Peroxisomes
1-37 Which of the following choices best describes the role of the lysosome? "lysosome=Lysol"
- CORRECT ANSWER: (b) clean-up, recycling, and disposal of macromolecules
A hungry yeast cell lands in a vat of grape juice and begins to feast on the sugars there,
producing carbon dioxide and ethanol in the process:
C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi + H+ → 2CO2 + 2CH3CH2OH + 2ATP + 2H2O
Unfortunately, the grape juice is contaminated with proteases that attack some of the transport
proteins in the yeast cell membrane, and the yeast cell dies. Which of the following could
account for the yeast cell's demise?
(a) toxic buildup of carbon dioxide inside the cell
(b) toxic buildup of ethanol inside the cell
(c) diffusion of ATP out of the cell
,(d) inability to import sugar into the cell - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) inability to import sugar
into the cell
A large protein that passes through the nuclear pore must have an appropriate _________.
(a) sorting sequence, which typically contains the positively charged amino acids lysine and
arginine.
(b) sorting sequence, which typically contains the hydrophobic amino acids leucine and
isoleucine.
(c) sequence to interact with the nuclear fibrils.
(d) Ran-interacting protein domain. - CORRECT ANSWER: (a) sorting sequence, which
typically contains the positively charged amino acids lysine and arginine.
A. thaliana, or Arabidopsis, is a common weed. Biologists have selected it over hundreds of
thousands of other flowering plant species to serve as an experimental model organism because
__________________.
(a) it can withstand extremely cold climates.
(b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.
(c) it produces thousands of offspring per plant.
(d) Both (b) and (c) are true. - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) it can reproduce in 8-10 weeks.
Active transport requires the input of energy into a system so as to move solutes against their
electrochemical and concentration gradients. Which of the following is not one of the common
ways to perform active transport?
(a) Na+-coupled
(b) K+-coupled
(c) ATP-driven
(d) light-driven - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) K+-coupled
,After isolating the rough endoplasmic reticulum from the rest of the cytoplasm, you purify the
RNAs attached to it. Which of the following proteins do you expect the RNA from the rough
endoplasmic reticulum to encode?
(a) soluble secreted proteins
(b) ER membrane proteins
(c) plasma membrane proteins
(d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) all of the above
Although the extracellular environment has a high sodium ion concentration and the intracellular
environment has a high potassium ion concentration, both must be neutralized by negatively
charged molecules. In the extracellular case, what is the principal anion?
(a) HCO3-
(b) Cl-
(c) PO43-
(d) OH- - CORRECT ANSWER: (b) Cl-
Although there are many distinct prokaryotic species, most have a small range of shapes, sizes,
and growth rates. Which of the following characteristics are not observed in prokaryotes?
(a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) the ability to divide rapidly
(d) a cell wall - CORRECT ANSWER: (a) a highly structured cytoplasm
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
An individual transport vesicle ________.
(a) contains only one type of protein in its lumen.
(b) will fuse with only one type of membrane.
(c) is endocytic if it is traveling toward the plasma membrane.
, (d) is enclosed by a membrane with the same lipid and protein composition as the membrane of
the donor organelle. - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) is endocytic if it is traveling toward the plasma
membrane.
Approximately, how many distinct synapses are established on the dendrites and cell body of a
motor neuron in the spinal cord?
(a) tens
(b) hundreds
(c) thousands
(d) millions - CORRECT ANSWER: (c) thousands
Below is a list of molecules with different chemical characteristics. Knowing that all molecules
will eventually diffuse across a phospholipid bilayer, select the option below that most accurately
predicts the relative rates of diffusion of these molecules (fastest to slowest).
alanine estrogen propanol sodium
(a) alanine > propanol > sodium > estrogen
(b) sodium > propanol > alanine > estrogen
(c) estrogen > propanol > sodium > alanine
(d) estrogen > propanol > alanine > sodium - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) estrogen > propanol >
alanine > sodium
Biologists cannot possibly study all living species. Instead, they try to understand cell behavior
by studying a select subset of them. Which of the following characteristics are useful in an
organism chosen for use as a model in laboratory studies?
(a) amenability to genetic manipulation
(b) ability to grow under controlled conditions
(c) rapid rate of reproduction
(d) all of the above - CORRECT ANSWER: (d) all of the above
