ACE YOUR NUR 254 EXAM: COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ Probable signs of pregnancy. Ans: EXAMINER OBJECTIVE
FINDING
-Hegar's sign
-Goodell's sign
-Chadwick's sign
-Positive pregnancy test
-Braxton hicks contractions
-Ballotment
◍ Hegar's sign. Ans: softening of the lower uterine segment
◍ Goodell's sign. Ans: softening of the cervix
◍ Chadwick's sign. Ans: Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal
mucosa and cervix
◍ ballotment. Ans: Rebounding of the fetus against the examiner's
finger on palpation. When the examiner taps the cervix, the fetus
floats upward in the amniotic fluid.
◍ Positive signs of pregnancy. Ans: -hearing fetal heart sounds
,-Visualization of the fetus
-feeling of fetal movement by examiner
◍ Gravida. Ans: total number of pregnancies
◍ Para. Ans: number of pregnancies 20 weeks or >
◍ Term. Ans: 37-40+ weeks (posterm 42+ weeks)
◍ Preterm. Ans: 20-36 6/7 weeks
◍ Abortion. Ans: prior to 20 weeks
◍ Living. Ans: Number of living children
◍ Naegle's rule - estimate due date. Ans: LMP - 3 months + 7 days
◍ Fetal Assessment. Ans: -10-12 weeks: Fetal heart rate ( 110-160)
-20 weeks: Uterine height (symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus in
cm should equal gestational age +/-2)
-20 weeks: Fetal movement (once mother feels fetal movement,
should feel fetal movement every day increasingly)
◍ Cardiac changes in pregnancy. Ans: -Increased blood volume (40-
, 50%)
***results in physiological anemia
-Increased cardiac output (30-50%)
***increased HR (10-20bpm)
-Blood pressure stays the same or slightly decreases
-Increased clotting factors
-Decreased venous return
◍ Respiratory changes in pregnancy. Ans: -Increased incidence of
nasal congestion, voice change, and epistaxis due to increased
vascular
-Increased O2 needs due to increased metabolic rate
***Increased respiratory rate
***Increased body temp
-Ligaments of the rib cage relax due to relaxin
-Diaphragm is displaced by the growing uterus
◍ gastrointestinal changes in pregnacy. Ans: -GI system slows down
COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LATEST
2026/2027
◍ Probable signs of pregnancy. Ans: EXAMINER OBJECTIVE
FINDING
-Hegar's sign
-Goodell's sign
-Chadwick's sign
-Positive pregnancy test
-Braxton hicks contractions
-Ballotment
◍ Hegar's sign. Ans: softening of the lower uterine segment
◍ Goodell's sign. Ans: softening of the cervix
◍ Chadwick's sign. Ans: Bluish-purple coloration of the vaginal
mucosa and cervix
◍ ballotment. Ans: Rebounding of the fetus against the examiner's
finger on palpation. When the examiner taps the cervix, the fetus
floats upward in the amniotic fluid.
◍ Positive signs of pregnancy. Ans: -hearing fetal heart sounds
,-Visualization of the fetus
-feeling of fetal movement by examiner
◍ Gravida. Ans: total number of pregnancies
◍ Para. Ans: number of pregnancies 20 weeks or >
◍ Term. Ans: 37-40+ weeks (posterm 42+ weeks)
◍ Preterm. Ans: 20-36 6/7 weeks
◍ Abortion. Ans: prior to 20 weeks
◍ Living. Ans: Number of living children
◍ Naegle's rule - estimate due date. Ans: LMP - 3 months + 7 days
◍ Fetal Assessment. Ans: -10-12 weeks: Fetal heart rate ( 110-160)
-20 weeks: Uterine height (symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus in
cm should equal gestational age +/-2)
-20 weeks: Fetal movement (once mother feels fetal movement,
should feel fetal movement every day increasingly)
◍ Cardiac changes in pregnancy. Ans: -Increased blood volume (40-
, 50%)
***results in physiological anemia
-Increased cardiac output (30-50%)
***increased HR (10-20bpm)
-Blood pressure stays the same or slightly decreases
-Increased clotting factors
-Decreased venous return
◍ Respiratory changes in pregnancy. Ans: -Increased incidence of
nasal congestion, voice change, and epistaxis due to increased
vascular
-Increased O2 needs due to increased metabolic rate
***Increased respiratory rate
***Increased body temp
-Ligaments of the rib cage relax due to relaxin
-Diaphragm is displaced by the growing uterus
◍ gastrointestinal changes in pregnacy. Ans: -GI system slows down
