ACE YOUR NUR 114 PHARM EXAM: COMPLETE STUDY
GUIDE WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027.
• Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Prevent Ca ions from entering at small muscle & myocardium
• Verapamil.
Answer: Causes vasodilation on vascular smooth muscles of arteries and on
heart. Decreases BP, HR, Force of contraction, Conduction. Can cause
Hyperplasia, Heart block, Bradycardia, Orthostatic Hypotension
• What is naproxen?.
Answer: The generic form of the brand name drug Naprosyn, which is an
NSAID. Naproxen does not come in a topical form and is delivered orally.
This can be administered for patients who have suffered from a stroke in
order to alleviate pain.
• What is TPA used for?.
Answer: This is one of our "clot busters." This is used to dissolve clots and
is indicated in ischemic stroke patients and patients with a PE.
• Diltiazem.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker, less effects on heart & less ADRs
• What are some patient considerations you should make when they are taking
TPAs?.
Answer: -Don't administer if a patient has had a hemorrhagic stroke in the
past 2 months -Don't administer with patients who are postoperative within
10 days -Don't administer if a patient has intracranial problems -Don't
administer if patient has an active bleed -Don't administer for L&D patients
-Contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension
,• Nifedipine.
Answer: Vasodilation by blocking Ca channels in arterial vascular smooth
muscle (baroreceptor reflex). Directly decreases blood pressure, indirectly
increases heart rate/ contractile. Does cause vasodilation, flushing, HA,
edema, & reflex tachycardia
• Nisoldipine.
Answer: High first time pass, Calcium Channel Blocker
• What is dilitiazem?.
Answer: calcium channel blocker
• Nimodipine.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker- not for HT/ angina but for preventing
ischemia in neurological damage
• Clevidipine.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker- IV only
• Aliskiren.
Answer: Direct Renin Inhibitor for Hypertension. Decreases conversion
of angiotensin. Causes GI upset, angioedema, cough, low potassium levels. •
Do CCBs affect preload or afterload?. Answer: Decreases afterload
• Other Hypertension drugs....
Answer: ACE, ARB, Diuretics, CCB, Alpha1&2, Beta blocker
• Heart failure drugs.
Answer: Diuretics, ACE, Beta blocker, inotropic agents
• Spircholactone.
, Answer: Potassium sparring diuretic, decreases mortality, and cardiac
remodeling in Heart Failure
• Carediol, bisoprolol, metoprolol.
Answer: Beta blocker drugs for Heart Failure- causes bradycardia, heart
block, decreased blood pressure, fatigue, fluid retention
• Digoxin.
Answer: Inotropic agent for Heart Failure- increases myocardial
contractility, force of contraction, increases cardiac output, decreases tissue
perfusion, decreases sympathetic tone, increases urine production. Inhibits
NA - K - ATPase pump-> Ca inside cells for longer -> more contraction ->
positive inotropy. Can cause hypokalemia, cardiac toxicity, dysrhythmias,
GI, fatigue, dizziness, HA, visual disturbances. DI: Thiazide & Loop
Diuretics compete for pump- worsen hypokalemia
• Dopamine & Dobutamine.
Answer: Sympathomimetic drugs for Heart Failure
• Iamrinone & Milrinon.
Answer: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for Heart Failure
• Quinidine.
Answer: Antidysrhytmic drugs- Blocks Na channels, delays repolarization,
anticholinergic, oral form. ADRs: Diarrhea, Cinchonism (tinnitus, HA, N,
Vertigo, Visual changes), Cardiotoxicity (torsade), Hypotension
• Procainamide.
Answer: Antidysrhytmic drug with less anticholinergic effects than
Quinidine. Hepatic metabolism (NAPA), renal excretion. ADRs: SLE,
cardiotoxicity (torsade), GI
• What are the indications for a calcium channel blocker?. Answer:
Hypertension -Angina -Dysrhythmias
• Lidocaine.
GUIDE WITH COMPREHENSIVE QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS LATEST 2026/2027.
• Calcium Channel Blockers.
Answer: Prevent Ca ions from entering at small muscle & myocardium
• Verapamil.
Answer: Causes vasodilation on vascular smooth muscles of arteries and on
heart. Decreases BP, HR, Force of contraction, Conduction. Can cause
Hyperplasia, Heart block, Bradycardia, Orthostatic Hypotension
• What is naproxen?.
Answer: The generic form of the brand name drug Naprosyn, which is an
NSAID. Naproxen does not come in a topical form and is delivered orally.
This can be administered for patients who have suffered from a stroke in
order to alleviate pain.
• What is TPA used for?.
Answer: This is one of our "clot busters." This is used to dissolve clots and
is indicated in ischemic stroke patients and patients with a PE.
• Diltiazem.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker, less effects on heart & less ADRs
• What are some patient considerations you should make when they are taking
TPAs?.
Answer: -Don't administer if a patient has had a hemorrhagic stroke in the
past 2 months -Don't administer with patients who are postoperative within
10 days -Don't administer if a patient has intracranial problems -Don't
administer if patient has an active bleed -Don't administer for L&D patients
-Contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension
,• Nifedipine.
Answer: Vasodilation by blocking Ca channels in arterial vascular smooth
muscle (baroreceptor reflex). Directly decreases blood pressure, indirectly
increases heart rate/ contractile. Does cause vasodilation, flushing, HA,
edema, & reflex tachycardia
• Nisoldipine.
Answer: High first time pass, Calcium Channel Blocker
• What is dilitiazem?.
Answer: calcium channel blocker
• Nimodipine.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker- not for HT/ angina but for preventing
ischemia in neurological damage
• Clevidipine.
Answer: Calcium Channel Blocker- IV only
• Aliskiren.
Answer: Direct Renin Inhibitor for Hypertension. Decreases conversion
of angiotensin. Causes GI upset, angioedema, cough, low potassium levels. •
Do CCBs affect preload or afterload?. Answer: Decreases afterload
• Other Hypertension drugs....
Answer: ACE, ARB, Diuretics, CCB, Alpha1&2, Beta blocker
• Heart failure drugs.
Answer: Diuretics, ACE, Beta blocker, inotropic agents
• Spircholactone.
, Answer: Potassium sparring diuretic, decreases mortality, and cardiac
remodeling in Heart Failure
• Carediol, bisoprolol, metoprolol.
Answer: Beta blocker drugs for Heart Failure- causes bradycardia, heart
block, decreased blood pressure, fatigue, fluid retention
• Digoxin.
Answer: Inotropic agent for Heart Failure- increases myocardial
contractility, force of contraction, increases cardiac output, decreases tissue
perfusion, decreases sympathetic tone, increases urine production. Inhibits
NA - K - ATPase pump-> Ca inside cells for longer -> more contraction ->
positive inotropy. Can cause hypokalemia, cardiac toxicity, dysrhythmias,
GI, fatigue, dizziness, HA, visual disturbances. DI: Thiazide & Loop
Diuretics compete for pump- worsen hypokalemia
• Dopamine & Dobutamine.
Answer: Sympathomimetic drugs for Heart Failure
• Iamrinone & Milrinon.
Answer: Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for Heart Failure
• Quinidine.
Answer: Antidysrhytmic drugs- Blocks Na channels, delays repolarization,
anticholinergic, oral form. ADRs: Diarrhea, Cinchonism (tinnitus, HA, N,
Vertigo, Visual changes), Cardiotoxicity (torsade), Hypotension
• Procainamide.
Answer: Antidysrhytmic drug with less anticholinergic effects than
Quinidine. Hepatic metabolism (NAPA), renal excretion. ADRs: SLE,
cardiotoxicity (torsade), GI
• What are the indications for a calcium channel blocker?. Answer:
Hypertension -Angina -Dysrhythmias
• Lidocaine.
