ABSITE – BREAST QUESTIONS WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers can be as high as
80%.
(Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6% lifetime risk o
f male breast cancer (BRCA2), and a 15% to 25% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation carrie
rs are more likely to present with breast cancer at a lower age than BRCA2 mutation carriers (peak inc
idence at 45-49 years and 65-
69 years, respectively). It is important to understand these statistics when considering either genetic t
esting or prevention strategies in a known BRCA mutation carrier.)
Which of the following treatments has been shown to provide relief of symptoms in more than 50% of
patients with cyclical breast pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -Evening primrose oil
The most common histologic type of invasive breast cancer is which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Hormone regulation of mammary epithelial development includes: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Initiation of ductal development by estrogen.
Which benign breast disease is associated with an increased risk of malignancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Which of the following statements regarding steroid hormones and breast cancer is correct?
- The kidney is the principle site of steroid metabolism.
- The rate-
limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis involves the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone
.
-
In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization.
- Circulating steroid hormones are primarily lipid-bound and are thus considered "bioavailable." -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the pri
ncipal site for aromatization.
(In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization. Normal adipose tissue uses promoter I.4 of the CYP19 gene to stimulate
aromatase production; however, breast tumors and their surrounding adipose tissue activate promoto
r II of the CYP19 gene, and the result is a greater expression of aromatase. AIs can reduce estrogen pr
oduction by more than 90% and are classified according to the specificity, potency, and reversibility wi
th which they inhibit the aromatase enzyme.)
Which of the following histologic breast changes is most associated with an increased risk of breast ca
ncer?
- Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Macro- and microcysts.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Duct ectasia. - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
Pagetx diseasex ofxthex breastx -x CORRECTx ANSWERx -
Pagetx diseasex isx nearlyx alwaysx detectablex onxclinicalx examinationx asx ax crustingxerosionxofxthex nipple.x
It
mayx bex lessx subtlex presentingx withx thickeningx rednessx orxroughnessxofxthex nipple,x oſtenx associatedx
wit
hx itchingx andx burning.x Itx isx oſtenx associatedxwithx subareolarx intraductalx cancer.x Survivalx isx dependent
xu
pon x thex stagex ofx thex accompanyingx breastx cancer.
Ax 42-year-old, x otherwisex healthyx womanx hasx ax new,x 1-
cmx inx diameterx densityx deepx inx thex centralxretroareolarx regionxofxherx rightx breastx onxmammography.
xS
hex hasx nox palpablex abnormalityx onxphysicalx examination.x Nox lesionx isx detectedxonxultrasonography.x T
h
ex bestx diagnosticxoptionxisx-x CORRECTx ANSWERx -stereotacticx corex needlex biopsyx ofxthex breast
Ax 32-
yearxoldxmalex presentsx tox clinicx duex tox enlargingx leſtx breast.x Hex statesx thatx hex hasx noticedxthisx "swel
lin
g"x forx thexpastxyearx butx hasx onlyx soughtx medicalx carex nowx becausex itx hasx becomingx noticeablyxlarge
rx t
hanx hisx rightx breast.x Hex deniesx painx orxnipplex discharge.x Hex deniesx familyx historyx ofx breastx cancerx in
x ei
therx womenx orxmenx inx hisximmediatex orxdistantx familyx andx steroidx use.x Onx examination,x thex patientx
is
veryx muscularxwithx ax smoothx rightx breast,x devoidxofxmasses.x Hisx leſtx breastx isx notedx tox havex rubbery
massx extendingx concentricallyx fromx thex nipple.x Hisx testicularx examx isx normal.x Whatx isx thex appropriate
managementxofxthisx patient?x -x CORRECTx ANSWERx -Mammogramx andx ultrasound
CORRECT ANSWERS
Which of the following is correct in relation to BRCA1/2 mutations and breast cancer? -
CORRECT ANSWER -
The lifetime risk (by age 70) of developing breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers can be as high as
80%.
(Correct. BRCA mutations carry a 50% to 80% lifetime risk of female breast cancer, a 6% lifetime risk o
f male breast cancer (BRCA2), and a 15% to 25% lifetime risk of ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutation carrie
rs are more likely to present with breast cancer at a lower age than BRCA2 mutation carriers (peak inc
idence at 45-49 years and 65-
69 years, respectively). It is important to understand these statistics when considering either genetic t
esting or prevention strategies in a known BRCA mutation carrier.)
Which of the following treatments has been shown to provide relief of symptoms in more than 50% of
patients with cyclical breast pain? - CORRECT ANSWER -Evening primrose oil
The most common histologic type of invasive breast cancer is which of the following? -
CORRECT ANSWER -Ductal adenocarcinoma.
Hormone regulation of mammary epithelial development includes: - CORRECT ANSWER -
Initiation of ductal development by estrogen.
Which benign breast disease is associated with an increased risk of malignancy? - CORRECT ANSWER -
Atypical ductal hyperplasia
Which of the following statements regarding steroid hormones and breast cancer is correct?
- The kidney is the principle site of steroid metabolism.
- The rate-
limiting step of steroid hormone biosynthesis involves the conversion of pregnenolone to progesterone
.
-
In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization.
- Circulating steroid hormones are primarily lipid-bound and are thus considered "bioavailable." -
CORRECT ANSWER -
, In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the pri
ncipal site for aromatization.
(In postmenopausal women, androgens are produced in the adrenal gland, and adipose tissue is the p
rincipal site for aromatization. Normal adipose tissue uses promoter I.4 of the CYP19 gene to stimulate
aromatase production; however, breast tumors and their surrounding adipose tissue activate promoto
r II of the CYP19 gene, and the result is a greater expression of aromatase. AIs can reduce estrogen pr
oduction by more than 90% and are classified according to the specificity, potency, and reversibility wi
th which they inhibit the aromatase enzyme.)
Which of the following histologic breast changes is most associated with an increased risk of breast ca
ncer?
- Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
- Macro- and microcysts.
- Apocrine metaplasia.
- Fibroadenoma.
- Duct ectasia. - CORRECT ANSWER -Epithelial hyperplasia with atypia.
Pagetx diseasex ofxthex breastx -x CORRECTx ANSWERx -
Pagetx diseasex isx nearlyx alwaysx detectablex onxclinicalx examinationx asx ax crustingxerosionxofxthex nipple.x
It
mayx bex lessx subtlex presentingx withx thickeningx rednessx orxroughnessxofxthex nipple,x oſtenx associatedx
wit
hx itchingx andx burning.x Itx isx oſtenx associatedxwithx subareolarx intraductalx cancer.x Survivalx isx dependent
xu
pon x thex stagex ofx thex accompanyingx breastx cancer.
Ax 42-year-old, x otherwisex healthyx womanx hasx ax new,x 1-
cmx inx diameterx densityx deepx inx thex centralxretroareolarx regionxofxherx rightx breastx onxmammography.
xS
hex hasx nox palpablex abnormalityx onxphysicalx examination.x Nox lesionx isx detectedxonxultrasonography.x T
h
ex bestx diagnosticxoptionxisx-x CORRECTx ANSWERx -stereotacticx corex needlex biopsyx ofxthex breast
Ax 32-
yearxoldxmalex presentsx tox clinicx duex tox enlargingx leſtx breast.x Hex statesx thatx hex hasx noticedxthisx "swel
lin
g"x forx thexpastxyearx butx hasx onlyx soughtx medicalx carex nowx becausex itx hasx becomingx noticeablyxlarge
rx t
hanx hisx rightx breast.x Hex deniesx painx orxnipplex discharge.x Hex deniesx familyx historyx ofx breastx cancerx in
x ei
therx womenx orxmenx inx hisximmediatex orxdistantx familyx andx steroidx use.x Onx examination,x thex patientx
is
veryx muscularxwithx ax smoothx rightx breast,x devoidxofxmasses.x Hisx leſtx breastx isx notedx tox havex rubbery
massx extendingx concentricallyx fromx thex nipple.x Hisx testicularx examx isx normal.x Whatx isx thex appropriate
managementxofxthisx patient?x -x CORRECTx ANSWERx -Mammogramx andx ultrasound
