Page 1 of 59
NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING – 2026/2027
COMPLETE (150) CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
NURSING
Prepare effectively for the NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing course with this focused
study resource. It supports review of essential nursing principles, patient safety,
assessment, infection control, communication, basic care, and clinical skills. Use the
material to reinforce your understanding, review key topics, and identify areas that
may require additional study. This resource is suited for nursing students, NR 224
learners, and candidates preparing for Fundamentals of Nursing assessments.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
SECTION 1: NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING (Questions 1–20)
Question #1
A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which action represents
the Assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. Administer prescribed antibiotics
B. Auscultate breath sounds
C. Set a goal for oxygen saturation >92%
D. Document that the patient coughed up green sputum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Assessment phase involves collecting subjective and
objective data about the patient. Auscultating breath sounds is a data
collection activity. Administering medications (A) is Implementation; setting
goals (C) is Planning; documentation (D) occurs throughout but is not
specifically the Assessment phase.
Question #2
Arrange the steps of the nursing process in the correct order:
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A. Assessment → Planning → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
B. Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
C. Diagnosis → Assessment → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
D. Planning → Assessment → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order is Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE). This is a foundational framework for all
nursing care.
Question #3
A nurse formulates the diagnosis "Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility
as evidenced by Stage II pressure injury on the sacrum." This is an example of
which type of nursing diagnosis?
A. Risk diagnosis
B. Health promotion diagnosis
C. Actual diagnosis
D. Syndrome diagnosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An actual nursing diagnosis describes a problem that is
currently present, supported by defining characteristics (the "as evidenced
by" statement). Risk diagnoses describe problems that may develop; health
promotion diagnoses focus on readiness to improve well-being.
Question #4
A nurse sets a goal for a patient with heart failure to have 1+ edema in both
lower extremities within 3 days. Which step of the nursing process does this
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
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Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Setting measurable, realistic goals is part of the Planning
phase of the nursing process.
Question #5
A nurse is evaluating a patient's response to pain medication. The patient
reports pain has decreased from 8/10 to 3/10. Which phase of the nursing
process is this?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process where the
nurse determines if patient-centered goals have been met.
Question #6
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is
the priority for the nurse?
A. Self-actualization
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-esteem
D. Physiological needs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiological needs (oxygen, fluids, nutrition, body temperature,
elimination, shelter) are the most basic and must be met before higher-level
needs.
Question #7
Clinical decision-making in nursing is best defined as:
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A. Following physician orders without question
B. A problem-solving process that involves critical thinking and evidence-
based practice
C. Intuition based on experience
D. Memorizing nursing interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical decision-making is a problem-solving process that
integrates critical thinking, clinical judgment, and evidence-based practice to
provide safe, effective patient care.
Question #8
Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. Patient reports pain "sharp and 7/10"
B. Patient states "I feel nauseous"
C. Blood pressure 142/88 mmHg
D. Patient reports feeling anxious
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data are observable and measurable
findings obtained through physical assessment, vital signs, and laboratory
results. Subjective data are reported by the patient (A, B, D).
Question #9
A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which action is the priority?
A. Documenting after administration
B. Checking the patient's allergies
C. Educating the patient about side effects
D. Assessing pain level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first priority in medication administration is verifying
patient safety, including checking allergies to prevent adverse reactions.
NR 224 FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING – 2026/2027
COMPLETE (150) CURRENT TESTING QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT ANSWERS WITH DETAILED RATIONALES.
NURSING
Prepare effectively for the NR 224 Fundamentals of Nursing course with this focused
study resource. It supports review of essential nursing principles, patient safety,
assessment, infection control, communication, basic care, and clinical skills. Use the
material to reinforce your understanding, review key topics, and identify areas that
may require additional study. This resource is suited for nursing students, NR 224
learners, and candidates preparing for Fundamentals of Nursing assessments.
MULTIPLE CHOICE.
SECTION 1: NURSING PROCESS & CRITICAL THINKING (Questions 1–20)
Question #1
A nurse is caring for a patient with pneumonia. Which action represents
the Assessment phase of the nursing process?
A. Administer prescribed antibiotics
B. Auscultate breath sounds
C. Set a goal for oxygen saturation >92%
D. Document that the patient coughed up green sputum
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The Assessment phase involves collecting subjective and
objective data about the patient. Auscultating breath sounds is a data
collection activity. Administering medications (A) is Implementation; setting
goals (C) is Planning; documentation (D) occurs throughout but is not
specifically the Assessment phase.
Question #2
Arrange the steps of the nursing process in the correct order:
, Page 2 of 59
A. Assessment → Planning → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
B. Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
C. Diagnosis → Assessment → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation
D. Planning → Assessment → Diagnosis → Implementation → Evaluation
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct order is Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning,
Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE). This is a foundational framework for all
nursing care.
Question #3
A nurse formulates the diagnosis "Impaired Skin Integrity related to immobility
as evidenced by Stage II pressure injury on the sacrum." This is an example of
which type of nursing diagnosis?
A. Risk diagnosis
B. Health promotion diagnosis
C. Actual diagnosis
D. Syndrome diagnosis
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: An actual nursing diagnosis describes a problem that is
currently present, supported by defining characteristics (the "as evidenced
by" statement). Risk diagnoses describe problems that may develop; health
promotion diagnoses focus on readiness to improve well-being.
Question #4
A nurse sets a goal for a patient with heart failure to have 1+ edema in both
lower extremities within 3 days. Which step of the nursing process does this
represent?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
, Page 3 of 59
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Setting measurable, realistic goals is part of the Planning
phase of the nursing process.
Question #5
A nurse is evaluating a patient's response to pain medication. The patient
reports pain has decreased from 8/10 to 3/10. Which phase of the nursing
process is this?
A. Assessment
B. Diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Evaluation is the final step of the nursing process where the
nurse determines if patient-centered goals have been met.
Question #6
According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, which of the following is
the priority for the nurse?
A. Self-actualization
B. Love and belonging
C. Self-esteem
D. Physiological needs
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Physiological needs (oxygen, fluids, nutrition, body temperature,
elimination, shelter) are the most basic and must be met before higher-level
needs.
Question #7
Clinical decision-making in nursing is best defined as:
, Page 4 of 59
A. Following physician orders without question
B. A problem-solving process that involves critical thinking and evidence-
based practice
C. Intuition based on experience
D. Memorizing nursing interventions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Clinical decision-making is a problem-solving process that
integrates critical thinking, clinical judgment, and evidence-based practice to
provide safe, effective patient care.
Question #8
Which of the following is an example of objective data?
A. Patient reports pain "sharp and 7/10"
B. Patient states "I feel nauseous"
C. Blood pressure 142/88 mmHg
D. Patient reports feeling anxious
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Objective data are observable and measurable
findings obtained through physical assessment, vital signs, and laboratory
results. Subjective data are reported by the patient (A, B, D).
Question #9
A nurse is preparing to administer medication. Which action is the priority?
A. Documenting after administration
B. Checking the patient's allergies
C. Educating the patient about side effects
D. Assessing pain level
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The first priority in medication administration is verifying
patient safety, including checking allergies to prevent adverse reactions.
