QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH TECHNIQUES
STATISTICS PEREGRINE PRACTICE REVIEW
2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What does the interaction term in a two-way ANOVA indicate?
Answer: Whether the effect of one independent variable on the
dependent variable is the same across all values of the other independent
variable.
⩥ What is the purpose of a one-way ANOVA?
Answer: To compare three or more groups on one dependent variable.
⩥ What are the assumptions of factorial ANOVA?
Answer: 1. Independence of persons across cells, 2. Normality of scores,
3. Homogeneity of variances.
⩥ What is a main effect in ANOVA?
Answer: The effect of one independent variable on the dependent
variable without considering other variables.
⩥ What are multiple comparison tests used for?
,Answer: To determine which levels of an independent variable differ
from each other when there are three or more levels.
⩥ What are simple effects tests used for?
Answer: To find where differences lie in the presence of a significant
interaction.
⩥ What is the decision rule for ANOVA significance?
Answer: If the ANOVA 'sig' < .05, reject the null; if 'sig' > .05, retain the
null.
⩥ What is Eta Squared (η²)?
Answer: The proportion of variability in the dependent variable
accounted for by the independent variables.
⩥ What is multiple linear regression analysis?
Answer: A technique that uses two or more independent variables to
predict the outcome of a dependent variable.
⩥ What are the assumptions of multiple linear regression?
Answer: Absence of outliers, normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity
of residuals.
⩥ What does R² represent in model evaluation?
, Answer: The proportion of variance predicted by the model; higher R²
indicates a better model.
⩥ What is the Coefficient of Multiple Determination (R²)?
Answer: Proportion of variance predicted; higher R² indicates a better
model.
⩥ What is Parsimony in model evaluation?
Answer: Model accounts for the same or more variance with fewer
predictors.
⩥ What is Practicality in model evaluation?
Answer: Ease of obtaining predictors; models excluding difficult
predictors are better.
⩥ What does Beta (β) represent in regression analysis?
Answer: Standardized coefficients; higher absolute values indicate more
influence.
⩥ What is ANCOVA?
Answer: A variation of ANOVA that controls for variance shared with a
covariate.
⩥ When should ANCOVA be used?
STATISTICS PEREGRINE PRACTICE REVIEW
2026 UPDATED QUESTIONS AND
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ What does the interaction term in a two-way ANOVA indicate?
Answer: Whether the effect of one independent variable on the
dependent variable is the same across all values of the other independent
variable.
⩥ What is the purpose of a one-way ANOVA?
Answer: To compare three or more groups on one dependent variable.
⩥ What are the assumptions of factorial ANOVA?
Answer: 1. Independence of persons across cells, 2. Normality of scores,
3. Homogeneity of variances.
⩥ What is a main effect in ANOVA?
Answer: The effect of one independent variable on the dependent
variable without considering other variables.
⩥ What are multiple comparison tests used for?
,Answer: To determine which levels of an independent variable differ
from each other when there are three or more levels.
⩥ What are simple effects tests used for?
Answer: To find where differences lie in the presence of a significant
interaction.
⩥ What is the decision rule for ANOVA significance?
Answer: If the ANOVA 'sig' < .05, reject the null; if 'sig' > .05, retain the
null.
⩥ What is Eta Squared (η²)?
Answer: The proportion of variability in the dependent variable
accounted for by the independent variables.
⩥ What is multiple linear regression analysis?
Answer: A technique that uses two or more independent variables to
predict the outcome of a dependent variable.
⩥ What are the assumptions of multiple linear regression?
Answer: Absence of outliers, normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity
of residuals.
⩥ What does R² represent in model evaluation?
, Answer: The proportion of variance predicted by the model; higher R²
indicates a better model.
⩥ What is the Coefficient of Multiple Determination (R²)?
Answer: Proportion of variance predicted; higher R² indicates a better
model.
⩥ What is Parsimony in model evaluation?
Answer: Model accounts for the same or more variance with fewer
predictors.
⩥ What is Practicality in model evaluation?
Answer: Ease of obtaining predictors; models excluding difficult
predictors are better.
⩥ What does Beta (β) represent in regression analysis?
Answer: Standardized coefficients; higher absolute values indicate more
influence.
⩥ What is ANCOVA?
Answer: A variation of ANOVA that controls for variance shared with a
covariate.
⩥ When should ANCOVA be used?
