RNSG 1538 EXAMS TEST PAPER ANSWERS AND
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔1. Prevent and reduce pain &muscle spasms
2. Immobilize joint
3. Reduce a fx or dislocation
4. Promote active and passive exercises
5. Expand a joint space during surgery - ✔✔What is traction used for? 5
✔✔With palms of hands to avoid denting
Avoid wrapping the cast because it will produce heat and may cause a burn - ✔✔How
should a cast be handled as it is drying? What should be avoided before the cast dries?
✔✔Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse and capillary refill
Polar (poikilothermic)- temp
Paralysis - ✔✔What are the 6 P's for a neurovascular assessment?
✔✔1. Apply ice directly to cast for 1st 48 hours- unless compartment syndrome
2. Elevate extremity above the heart unless compartment syndrome is suspected
3. Regularly move joint above or below the cast
4. Keep dry
5. Don't stick anything inside
6. Report sign of compartment syndrom - ✔✔What are nursing interventions/teaching
for a patient that has just gotten a cast?
✔✔To assess muscle damage from myoglobin causing kidney injury or dark reddish
brown urine - ✔✔Why should urine be assessed with compartment syndrome?
✔✔Call HCP
Elevation- not above heart
, Release pressure- either from cast/brace or a fasciotomy - ✔✔What are the nursing
interventions for compartment syndrome?
✔✔Symptoms appear within 24-48 hours
Chest pain
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Change in mental status - ✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of a fat embolism
from a fracture? 5
✔✔Careful immobilization and handling of a long bone fracture - ✔✔How can a fat
embolism be avoided?
✔✔Colles fracture - ✔✔Type of fracture where the distal radius is broken by falling onto
an outstretched hand
Common in older population due to osteoporosis
✔✔Do not flex hips more than 90 degrees
Do not cross ankles
Lying in injured side - ✔✔What positions should a hip fracture patient avoid?
✔✔Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance - ✔✔What are the 5 stages of grief and loss?
✔✔C-change in bowel and bladder habits
A- a sore that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding or discharge
T- Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- Obvious change in a wart or mole
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness - ✔✔What are the 7 warning signs of cancer
(CAUTION)?
✔✔Platinum drugs - ✔✔These drugs bind to DNA and RNA miscoding information
and/or inhibiting DNA replication killing cells
✔✔Antimetabolites - ✔✔These drugs prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of
substances necessary to make DNA; used in cancer chemotherapy
✔✔Methotrexate and 5-FU
QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔1. Prevent and reduce pain &muscle spasms
2. Immobilize joint
3. Reduce a fx or dislocation
4. Promote active and passive exercises
5. Expand a joint space during surgery - ✔✔What is traction used for? 5
✔✔With palms of hands to avoid denting
Avoid wrapping the cast because it will produce heat and may cause a burn - ✔✔How
should a cast be handled as it is drying? What should be avoided before the cast dries?
✔✔Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse and capillary refill
Polar (poikilothermic)- temp
Paralysis - ✔✔What are the 6 P's for a neurovascular assessment?
✔✔1. Apply ice directly to cast for 1st 48 hours- unless compartment syndrome
2. Elevate extremity above the heart unless compartment syndrome is suspected
3. Regularly move joint above or below the cast
4. Keep dry
5. Don't stick anything inside
6. Report sign of compartment syndrom - ✔✔What are nursing interventions/teaching
for a patient that has just gotten a cast?
✔✔To assess muscle damage from myoglobin causing kidney injury or dark reddish
brown urine - ✔✔Why should urine be assessed with compartment syndrome?
✔✔Call HCP
Elevation- not above heart
, Release pressure- either from cast/brace or a fasciotomy - ✔✔What are the nursing
interventions for compartment syndrome?
✔✔Symptoms appear within 24-48 hours
Chest pain
Tachycardia
Cyanosis
Dyspnea
Change in mental status - ✔✔What are the clinical manifestations of a fat embolism
from a fracture? 5
✔✔Careful immobilization and handling of a long bone fracture - ✔✔How can a fat
embolism be avoided?
✔✔Colles fracture - ✔✔Type of fracture where the distal radius is broken by falling onto
an outstretched hand
Common in older population due to osteoporosis
✔✔Do not flex hips more than 90 degrees
Do not cross ankles
Lying in injured side - ✔✔What positions should a hip fracture patient avoid?
✔✔Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance - ✔✔What are the 5 stages of grief and loss?
✔✔C-change in bowel and bladder habits
A- a sore that does not heal
U- Unusual bleeding or discharge
T- Thickening or a lump in the breast or elsewhere
I- Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O- Obvious change in a wart or mole
N- Nagging cough or hoarseness - ✔✔What are the 7 warning signs of cancer
(CAUTION)?
✔✔Platinum drugs - ✔✔These drugs bind to DNA and RNA miscoding information
and/or inhibiting DNA replication killing cells
✔✔Antimetabolites - ✔✔These drugs prevent cell division by inhibiting formation of
substances necessary to make DNA; used in cancer chemotherapy
✔✔Methotrexate and 5-FU
