WGU D426 V3 DATA MANAGEMENT
FOUNDATIONS OA MASTER STUDY
GUIDE
1. Which normal form specifically addresses the removal of transitive dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Second Normal Form (2NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires a relation to be in 2NF and
have no transitive dependencies, meaning non-prime attributes should not depend on
other non-prime attributes.
2. In an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), what does a dashed line between two entities
typically represent?
A. An identifying relationship
B. A non-identifying relationship
C. A many-to-many relationship
,D. A mandatory relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a dashed line represents a non-
identifying relationship, where the child entity can be uniquely identified without the
parent’s primary key.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. GROUP BY
C. HAVING
D. ORDER BY
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups created by the
GROUP BY clause based on aggregate calculations, whereas WHERE filters individual rows
before aggregation.
4. Which type of key consists of more than one attribute to uniquely identify a row?
A. Composite Key
B. Surrogate Key
C. Foreign Key
D. Primary Key
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A composite key is a primary key that consists of two or more
columns to ensure uniqueness within a table.
5. What is the main requirement for a relation to be in Second Normal Form (2NF)?
A. It must be in 1NF and have no partial functional dependencies.
B. It must be in 1NF and have no transitive dependencies.
C. All attributes must be atomic.
D. Every determinant must be a candidate key.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: To be in 2NF, a relation must be in 1NF and every non-prime
attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, not just a part of
it.
6. Which SQL statement is used to remove all records from a table without deleting the table
structure itself?
A. DROP TABLE
B. DELETE FROM
C. REMOVE TABLE
D. TRUNCATE TABLE
Answer: D
FOUNDATIONS OA MASTER STUDY
GUIDE
1. Which normal form specifically addresses the removal of transitive dependencies?
A. First Normal Form (1NF)
B. Third Normal Form (3NF)
C. Second Normal Form (2NF)
D. Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Third Normal Form (3NF) requires a relation to be in 2NF and
have no transitive dependencies, meaning non-prime attributes should not depend on
other non-prime attributes.
2. In an Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD), what does a dashed line between two entities
typically represent?
A. An identifying relationship
B. A non-identifying relationship
C. A many-to-many relationship
,D. A mandatory relationship
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: In Crow’s Foot notation, a dashed line represents a non-
identifying relationship, where the child entity can be uniquely identified without the
parent’s primary key.
3. Which SQL clause is used to filter the results of an aggregate function?
A. WHERE
B. GROUP BY
C. HAVING
D. ORDER BY
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: The HAVING clause is used to filter groups created by the
GROUP BY clause based on aggregate calculations, whereas WHERE filters individual rows
before aggregation.
4. Which type of key consists of more than one attribute to uniquely identify a row?
A. Composite Key
B. Surrogate Key
C. Foreign Key
D. Primary Key
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A composite key is a primary key that consists of two or more
columns to ensure uniqueness within a table.
5. What is the main requirement for a relation to be in Second Normal Form (2NF)?
A. It must be in 1NF and have no partial functional dependencies.
B. It must be in 1NF and have no transitive dependencies.
C. All attributes must be atomic.
D. Every determinant must be a candidate key.
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: To be in 2NF, a relation must be in 1NF and every non-prime
attribute must be fully functionally dependent on the entire primary key, not just a part of
it.
6. Which SQL statement is used to remove all records from a table without deleting the table
structure itself?
A. DROP TABLE
B. DELETE FROM
C. REMOVE TABLE
D. TRUNCATE TABLE
Answer: D
