NUR210 COMPREHENSIVE NURSING
FINAL EXAM 2026/2027
1. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mmHg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is present?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
with a normal HCO3 indicates that the cause is respiratory in nature.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Increased appetite and thirst
C. Sudden increase in blood pressure
,D. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Common signs of digoxin toxicity include visual changes
(yellow-green halos), nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia.
3. When administering spironolactone (Aldactone), the nurse should monitor for which
electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which puts the
patient at risk for retaining too much potassium (hyperkalemia).
4. A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7 is categorized as having which type
of brain injury?
A. Severe brain injury
B. Moderate brain injury
C. Mild brain injury
D. Brain death
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A GCS score of 8 or less is generally accepted as indicating a
severe brain injury or coma.
5. What is the immediate priority action for a nurse who suspects a transfusion reaction in a
patient receiving packed red blood cells?
A. Stop the infusion and disconnect the tubing
B. Notify the healthcare provider
C. Slow the infusion rate
D. Administer diphenhydramine
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Safety first: The infusion must be stopped immediately to
prevent further exposure to the antigen, and the tubing must be disconnected at the hub to
prevent flushing remaining blood into the patient.
6. Which lab value is the most sensitive indicator of acute myocardial damage?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
C. Troponin T or I
D. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Answer: C
FINAL EXAM 2026/2027
1. A patient’s arterial blood gas (ABG) results are pH 7.31, PaCO2 50 mmHg, and HCO3 24
mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is present?
A. Metabolic Acidosis
B. Respiratory Alkalosis
C. Metabolic Alkalosis
D. Respiratory Acidosis
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg
with a normal HCO3 indicates that the cause is respiratory in nature.
2. Which clinical manifestation is a hallmark sign of digoxin toxicity?
A. Hyperactive bowel sounds
B. Increased appetite and thirst
C. Sudden increase in blood pressure
,D. Visual disturbances such as yellow-green halos
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Common signs of digoxin toxicity include visual changes
(yellow-green halos), nausea, vomiting, and bradycardia.
3. When administering spironolactone (Aldactone), the nurse should monitor for which
electrolyte imbalance?
A. Hypokalemia
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hyponatremia
D. Hypocalcemia
Answer: B
Conceptual Explanation: Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, which puts the
patient at risk for retaining too much potassium (hyperkalemia).
4. A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 7 is categorized as having which type
of brain injury?
A. Severe brain injury
B. Moderate brain injury
C. Mild brain injury
D. Brain death
, Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: A GCS score of 8 or less is generally accepted as indicating a
severe brain injury or coma.
5. What is the immediate priority action for a nurse who suspects a transfusion reaction in a
patient receiving packed red blood cells?
A. Stop the infusion and disconnect the tubing
B. Notify the healthcare provider
C. Slow the infusion rate
D. Administer diphenhydramine
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Safety first: The infusion must be stopped immediately to
prevent further exposure to the antigen, and the tubing must be disconnected at the hub to
prevent flushing remaining blood into the patient.
6. Which lab value is the most sensitive indicator of acute myocardial damage?
A. Creatine Kinase (CK-MB)
B. Myoglobin
C. Troponin T or I
D. Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)
Answer: C
