NURS 6541 / NRNP 6541 PRIMARY CARE
OF ADOLESCENTS & CHILDREN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. A 13-year-old male presents for a physical. The provider notes the enlargement of the
scrotum and testes, with a change in the texture of the scrotal skin, but no enlargement of
the penis. Which Tanner stage does this represent?
A. Tanner Stage 2
B. Tanner Stage 1
C. Tanner Stage 3
D. Tanner Stage 4
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Tanner Stage 2 in males is characterized by the enlargement of
the scrotum and testes, and the scrotal skin becomes redder and thinner. Penile
enlargement typically begins in Stage 3.
,2. An 18-month-old child is brought to the clinic. Which of the following developmental
milestones should the practitioner expect the child to have achieved?
A. Running well and jumping in place
B. Riding a tricycle
C. Standing on one foot for 2 seconds
D. Walking up and down stairs with one hand held
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: By 18 months, children are expected to walk up stairs with one
hand held. Running and jumping are 24-month milestones, while riding a tricycle is a 3-
year milestone.
3. A 10-year-old presents with a high fever, ‘barky’ cough, and inspiratory stridor at rest. The
provider suspects Croup. What is the most appropriate next step in management for a
patient with stridor at rest?
A. Oral dexamethasone and discharge home
B. Admission for observation and humidified oxygen
C. Antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone
D. Nebulized epinephrine and oral dexamethasone
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: For moderate to severe Croup (indicated by stridor at rest), the
standard treatment includes nebulized racemic epinephrine to reduce airway edema and
oral or IM dexamethasone.
4. A 4-year-old child presents with a 5-day history of high fever, bilateral non-purulent
conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and edema of the hands. What is the most serious
potential complication if left untreated?
A. Glomerulonephritis
B. Splenic rupture
C. Rheumatic heart disease
D. Coronary artery aneurysm
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: These symptoms are classic for Kawasaki Disease. The most
serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which can be
mitigated with IVIG and aspirin treatment.
5. According to the AAP guidelines, at what age should universal screening for iron deficiency
anemia begin for a full-term, healthy infant?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
OF ADOLESCENTS & CHILDREN
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
1. A 13-year-old male presents for a physical. The provider notes the enlargement of the
scrotum and testes, with a change in the texture of the scrotal skin, but no enlargement of
the penis. Which Tanner stage does this represent?
A. Tanner Stage 2
B. Tanner Stage 1
C. Tanner Stage 3
D. Tanner Stage 4
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Tanner Stage 2 in males is characterized by the enlargement of
the scrotum and testes, and the scrotal skin becomes redder and thinner. Penile
enlargement typically begins in Stage 3.
,2. An 18-month-old child is brought to the clinic. Which of the following developmental
milestones should the practitioner expect the child to have achieved?
A. Running well and jumping in place
B. Riding a tricycle
C. Standing on one foot for 2 seconds
D. Walking up and down stairs with one hand held
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: By 18 months, children are expected to walk up stairs with one
hand held. Running and jumping are 24-month milestones, while riding a tricycle is a 3-
year milestone.
3. A 10-year-old presents with a high fever, ‘barky’ cough, and inspiratory stridor at rest. The
provider suspects Croup. What is the most appropriate next step in management for a
patient with stridor at rest?
A. Oral dexamethasone and discharge home
B. Admission for observation and humidified oxygen
C. Antibiotic therapy with Ceftriaxone
D. Nebulized epinephrine and oral dexamethasone
Answer: D
, Conceptual Explanation: For moderate to severe Croup (indicated by stridor at rest), the
standard treatment includes nebulized racemic epinephrine to reduce airway edema and
oral or IM dexamethasone.
4. A 4-year-old child presents with a 5-day history of high fever, bilateral non-purulent
conjunctivitis, strawberry tongue, and edema of the hands. What is the most serious
potential complication if left untreated?
A. Glomerulonephritis
B. Splenic rupture
C. Rheumatic heart disease
D. Coronary artery aneurysm
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: These symptoms are classic for Kawasaki Disease. The most
serious complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms, which can be
mitigated with IVIG and aspirin treatment.
5. According to the AAP guidelines, at what age should universal screening for iron deficiency
anemia begin for a full-term, healthy infant?
A. 6 months
B. 9 months
C. 12 months
