NSG527 EXAM 2: PSYCHOPATHOLOGY,
THEORIES, & ADVANCED CLINICAL
MODALITIES
1. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing
one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to another person?
A. Displacement
B. Sublimation
C. Reaction Formation
D. Projection
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Projection is the defense mechanism where individuals deal
with emotional conflict or stressors by falsely attributing their own unacknowledged
feelings, impulses, or thoughts to others.
2. In Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during late adulthood
where individuals reflect on their lives?
A. Generativity vs. Stagnation
,B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Integrity vs. Despair
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Integrity vs. Despair is the final stage of Erikson’s theory,
occurring in late adulthood (65+), where the individual reviews their life for meaning and
integration.
3. During which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development does a child develop the ability to
think symbolically but lacks logical reasoning?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete Operational
D. Formal Operational
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is characterized by symbolic
thinking, egocentrism, and a lack of conservation or logical operational thought.
4. Aaron Beck’s ‘Cognitive Triad’ in depression consists of negative views about which three
components?
A. Self, Family, and Friends
, B. Past, Present, and Future
C. Self, World, and Future
D. Biology, Environment, and Traumatic Events
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beck’s Cognitive Triad posits that depressed individuals hold
negative views of the self, the world (or experiences), and the future.
5. In Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which module is specifically designed to help clients
manage intense emotions without impulsive behaviors?
A. Distress Tolerance
B. Interpersonal Effectiveness
C. Emotional Regulation
D. Mindfulness
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Distress Tolerance skills are geared toward surviving a crisis in
the short term and accepting reality as it is when it cannot be changed immediately.
6. Murray Bowen’s concept of ‘Triangulation’ refers to:
A. The process of separating one’s own feelings from the family of origin.
B. A method of measuring family dynamics using three diagnostic tests.
THEORIES, & ADVANCED CLINICAL
MODALITIES
1. According to Freud’s psychoanalytic theory, which defense mechanism involves attributing
one’s own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to another person?
A. Displacement
B. Sublimation
C. Reaction Formation
D. Projection
Answer: D
Conceptual Explanation: Projection is the defense mechanism where individuals deal
with emotional conflict or stressors by falsely attributing their own unacknowledged
feelings, impulses, or thoughts to others.
2. In Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, which stage occurs during late adulthood
where individuals reflect on their lives?
A. Generativity vs. Stagnation
,B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Integrity vs. Despair
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Integrity vs. Despair is the final stage of Erikson’s theory,
occurring in late adulthood (65+), where the individual reviews their life for meaning and
integration.
3. During which of Piaget’s stages of cognitive development does a child develop the ability to
think symbolically but lacks logical reasoning?
A. Preoperational
B. Sensorimotor
C. Concrete Operational
D. Formal Operational
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: The Preoperational stage (ages 2-7) is characterized by symbolic
thinking, egocentrism, and a lack of conservation or logical operational thought.
4. Aaron Beck’s ‘Cognitive Triad’ in depression consists of negative views about which three
components?
A. Self, Family, and Friends
, B. Past, Present, and Future
C. Self, World, and Future
D. Biology, Environment, and Traumatic Events
Answer: C
Conceptual Explanation: Beck’s Cognitive Triad posits that depressed individuals hold
negative views of the self, the world (or experiences), and the future.
5. In Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), which module is specifically designed to help clients
manage intense emotions without impulsive behaviors?
A. Distress Tolerance
B. Interpersonal Effectiveness
C. Emotional Regulation
D. Mindfulness
Answer: A
Conceptual Explanation: Distress Tolerance skills are geared toward surviving a crisis in
the short term and accepting reality as it is when it cannot be changed immediately.
6. Murray Bowen’s concept of ‘Triangulation’ refers to:
A. The process of separating one’s own feelings from the family of origin.
B. A method of measuring family dynamics using three diagnostic tests.
