N212 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM 3 (EASTWICK COLLEGE) NEWEST
2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100+ PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
VERIFIED ANSWERS & DETAILED RATIONALES
Core Domains
• Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Necrosis
• Inflammation and Tissue Repair
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
• Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders
• Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
• Endocrine Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Neurological Disorders
• Genetics and Cancer Biology
• Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) Clinical Judgment
This comprehensive examination guide is designed for students preparing for the
N212 Pathophysiology Exam 3 at Eastwick College for the 2026 academic year.
The exam focuses on the application of pathophysiological concepts across
multiple body systems, including cardiovascular, renal, endocrine,
gastrointestinal, and neurological disorders. This resource features practice
questions with verified answers and detailed rationales, aligned with current exam
content to ensure success.
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR & HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
(Questions 1-25)
Question 1
,Which of the following is best described as an ischemic heart disease?
A. Endocarditis
B. Angina pectoris
C. Mitral valve stenosis
D. Ventricular fibrillation
Correct answer: B
RATIONALE: Angina pectoris is a type of ischemic heart disease caused by
reduced blood flow to the myocardium, typically due to coronary artery
atherosclerosis. Ischemic heart disease refers to conditions caused by inadequate
oxygen supply to the heart muscle .
Question 2
Jamie is in a car accident and lost a great deal of blood, leading to shock. Which
classification of shock best describes Jamie's condition?
A. Distributive shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Obstructive shock
Correct answer: C
RATIONALE: Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant loss of
blood or fluid volume, leading to decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion.
Hemorrhage from trauma is a classic cause. Cardiogenic shock results from pump
failure, distributive shock from vasodilation (e.g., sepsis), and obstructive shock
from physical obstruction .
Question 3
The type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting lipids from the periphery back
to the liver is best described as:
A. Chylomicrons
B. Very-Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
,C. Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
D. High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
Correct answer: D
RATIONALE: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is responsible for reverse
cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver
for excretion. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it helps remove
excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and arterial walls .
Question 4
Weakening of a blood vessel wall that involves all three layers of the vessel to
form a spindle-shaped aneurysm is best described as a(n):
A. Fusiform aneurysm
B. Saccular aneurysm
C. Abdominal aneurysm
D. Ruptured aneurysm
Correct answer: A
RATIONALE: A fusiform aneurysm is a spindle-shaped dilation of a blood
vessel that involves the entire circumference of the vessel wall and all three layers
(intima, media, adventitia). Saccular aneurysms are pouch-like and involve only a
portion of the vessel wall .
Question 5
Vascular disease caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in the
fingers that may be precipitated by exposure to cold is best described as:
A. Vasculitis
B. Peripheral vascular disease
C. Thromboangiitis obliterans
D. Raynaud phenomenon
Correct answer: D
, RATIONALE: Raynaud phenomenon is characterized by episodic vasospasm
of the digital arteries and arterioles, often triggered by cold exposure or emotional
stress. It causes color changes (white, blue, red) and pain in the fingers and toes.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) involves inflammation and
thrombosis of small and medium arteries .
Question 6
A disorder caused by reflux through incompetent veins resulting in impairment of
tissue nutrition is best described as:
A. Varicose veins
B. Chronic venous insufficiency
C. Venous stasis ulcers
D. Venous thrombosis
Correct answer: B
RATIONALE: Chronic venous insufficiency results from incompetent venous
valves that allow blood to reflux backward, leading to venous hypertension,
edema, and impaired tissue nutrition. This can progress to venous stasis ulcers and
skin changes .
Question 7
David experienced a sudden elevation in MAP characterized by ischemic chest
pain that resulted in an intracranial hemorrhage and ultimately resulted in his
death. This scenario is best described as:
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Primary hypertension
C. Secondary hypertension
D. Hypertensive crisis
Correct answer: D
RATIONALE: Hypertensive crisis is a severe, acute elevation in blood
pressure (typically systolic >180 or diastolic >120) that can cause end-organ
2026 COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE WITH 100+ PRACTICE QUESTIONS,
VERIFIED ANSWERS & DETAILED RATIONALES
Core Domains
• Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Necrosis
• Inflammation and Tissue Repair
• Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Imbalances
• Cardiovascular & Hematological Disorders
• Renal and Genitourinary Disorders
• Endocrine Disorders
• Gastrointestinal Disorders
• Neurological Disorders
• Genetics and Cancer Biology
• Next Generation NCLEX (NGN) Clinical Judgment
This comprehensive examination guide is designed for students preparing for the
N212 Pathophysiology Exam 3 at Eastwick College for the 2026 academic year.
The exam focuses on the application of pathophysiological concepts across
multiple body systems, including cardiovascular, renal, endocrine,
gastrointestinal, and neurological disorders. This resource features practice
questions with verified answers and detailed rationales, aligned with current exam
content to ensure success.
SECTION 1: CARDIOVASCULAR & HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
(Questions 1-25)
Question 1
,Which of the following is best described as an ischemic heart disease?
A. Endocarditis
B. Angina pectoris
C. Mitral valve stenosis
D. Ventricular fibrillation
Correct answer: B
RATIONALE: Angina pectoris is a type of ischemic heart disease caused by
reduced blood flow to the myocardium, typically due to coronary artery
atherosclerosis. Ischemic heart disease refers to conditions caused by inadequate
oxygen supply to the heart muscle .
Question 2
Jamie is in a car accident and lost a great deal of blood, leading to shock. Which
classification of shock best describes Jamie's condition?
A. Distributive shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Hypovolemic shock
D. Obstructive shock
Correct answer: C
RATIONALE: Hypovolemic shock occurs when there is a significant loss of
blood or fluid volume, leading to decreased cardiac output and tissue perfusion.
Hemorrhage from trauma is a classic cause. Cardiogenic shock results from pump
failure, distributive shock from vasodilation (e.g., sepsis), and obstructive shock
from physical obstruction .
Question 3
The type of lipoprotein responsible for transporting lipids from the periphery back
to the liver is best described as:
A. Chylomicrons
B. Very-Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs)
,C. Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDLs)
D. High-Density Lipoproteins (HDLs)
Correct answer: D
RATIONALE: HDL (high-density lipoprotein) is responsible for reverse
cholesterol transport, carrying cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver
for excretion. HDL is considered "good" cholesterol because it helps remove
excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and arterial walls .
Question 4
Weakening of a blood vessel wall that involves all three layers of the vessel to
form a spindle-shaped aneurysm is best described as a(n):
A. Fusiform aneurysm
B. Saccular aneurysm
C. Abdominal aneurysm
D. Ruptured aneurysm
Correct answer: A
RATIONALE: A fusiform aneurysm is a spindle-shaped dilation of a blood
vessel that involves the entire circumference of the vessel wall and all three layers
(intima, media, adventitia). Saccular aneurysms are pouch-like and involve only a
portion of the vessel wall .
Question 5
Vascular disease caused by intense vasospasm of the arteries and arterioles in the
fingers that may be precipitated by exposure to cold is best described as:
A. Vasculitis
B. Peripheral vascular disease
C. Thromboangiitis obliterans
D. Raynaud phenomenon
Correct answer: D
, RATIONALE: Raynaud phenomenon is characterized by episodic vasospasm
of the digital arteries and arterioles, often triggered by cold exposure or emotional
stress. It causes color changes (white, blue, red) and pain in the fingers and toes.
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger disease) involves inflammation and
thrombosis of small and medium arteries .
Question 6
A disorder caused by reflux through incompetent veins resulting in impairment of
tissue nutrition is best described as:
A. Varicose veins
B. Chronic venous insufficiency
C. Venous stasis ulcers
D. Venous thrombosis
Correct answer: B
RATIONALE: Chronic venous insufficiency results from incompetent venous
valves that allow blood to reflux backward, leading to venous hypertension,
edema, and impaired tissue nutrition. This can progress to venous stasis ulcers and
skin changes .
Question 7
David experienced a sudden elevation in MAP characterized by ischemic chest
pain that resulted in an intracranial hemorrhage and ultimately resulted in his
death. This scenario is best described as:
A. Atherosclerosis
B. Primary hypertension
C. Secondary hypertension
D. Hypertensive crisis
Correct answer: D
RATIONALE: Hypertensive crisis is a severe, acute elevation in blood
pressure (typically systolic >180 or diastolic >120) that can cause end-organ
