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Physics IGCSE - Waves Summary notes

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Based on Cambridge IGCSE Physics. The notes summarize the entire topic of waves. The student who wrote them got an A*, you can ace your exams too!

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·



Waves are produced by vibrations causing a disturbance which spreads out from the source




Waves transfer without matter Transverse
transferring
·



wave s
energy
:




The particle
·




oscillations perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave




Waves are a method of transfer of energy
Visible light/electromagnetic radiation



S wave s
(secondary waves)
B




Mechanical waves .
" Electromagnetic waves :
-ground rises & falls (building m o re up & down



need to through a medium (matter) don't need a medium (can travel vacuum)
-




through
-

a
go



Longitudinal waves :




The
·




ocsillation of particles parallel to the direction of of the
is
propagation wave




<
Sound
Longitudinal wave where particles further apart
region
: are


<
Pwaves (primary waves)

Compression Rarefaction Compression Ground is compressed buildings ,
shake from side to side




monmesman -




Amplitude : maximum displacement of molecules from mean
position


Wavelength The more
energy a wave has , the greater the amplitude


Period (measured Seconds)
-



: time taken for on e complete ocsillation in




-frequency : number of waves per unit time (measured in Hertz)


Transverse wave :
·


I wave
per second = 1 Hertz (Hz)


wavelength (1)
crest/peak -
frequency :triod


(inversely proportional



G equilibrium

33 Wave
equation :




-
V = f)
trough
speed frequency wavelength


Signal types :




A ·
Digital :
Analogue :




Digital Signals a re discrete (fixed in Value Analogue signals are continuous in values




Digital signals are easier to
regenerate

Digital signals have an increased rate of transmission (faster data transmission rate)


Digital Signals have an increased
range of transmission (over longer distances)

Document information

School year
2
Uploaded on
August 30, 2026
Number of pages
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Written in
2024/2025
Type
Summary
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