NU 673 ACTUAL
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
GRADED A+ .
,1. This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres,
forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the basal ganglia, which attect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus
structures in the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus attects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual
drive. Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
2. This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create the white
color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem,
which connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
3. Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemi-spheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal)
system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
,Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
4. Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
5. This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous
system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to internal organs and gener-
ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress
and arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
6. Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
, D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord ✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal) root
containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other
levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory (atterent) and motor (etterent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
7. Determine the Cranial Nerve ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER Oflactory ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
8. Determine the Cranial Nerve ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER Optic ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER vision
A. II
B. I
MIDTERM EXAM QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
LATEST UPDATE 2026/2027
GRADED A+ .
,1. This consists of aggregations of neuro- nal cell bodies. It rims the surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres,
forming the cerebral cortex
A. Gray matter
B. White matter ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Gray matter
- Deep in the brain lie additional clusters of gray matter (Fig. 17-2). These include the basal ganglia, which attect movement, and the thalamus and the hypothala- mus
structures in the diencephalon. The thalamus processes sensory impulses and relays them to the cerebral cortex. The hypothalamus maintains homeostasis (Bickley)
- and regulates temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The hypothalamus attects the endocrine system and governs emotional behaviors such as anger and sexual
drive. Hormones secreted in the hypothalamus act directly on the pitu- itary gland. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
2. This consists of neuronal axons that are coated with myelin. The myelin sheaths, which create the white
color, allow nerve impulses to travel more rapidly.
A. Gray matter
B. White matter ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER B. White matter
- The internal capsule is a white-matter structure where myelinated fibers converge from all parts of the cerebral cortex and descend into the brainstem. The brainstem,
which connects the upper part of the brain with the spinal cord, has three sec- tions ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
3. Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemi-spheres and a structure in the
diencephalon and upper brainstem
A. Reticular activating system
B. Cerebellum ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Reticular activating system
- Consciousness relies on the interaction between intact cerebral hemispheres and a structure in the diencephalon and upper brainstem, the reticular activating (arousal)
system.
- The cerebellum, which lies at the base of the brain, coordinates all movement and helps maintain the body upright in space. (Bickley)
,Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
4. Determine how many segements of the ff
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Cervical C1-C8
B. Thoracic T1-T12
C. Lumbar L1-L5
D. Sacral S1-S5
5. This regulates muscle movements and response to the sensations of touch and pain
A. Somatic
B. Autonomic ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Somatic
- The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of both CNs and periph- eral nerves that project to the heart, visceral organs, skin, and limbs. It controls the somatic nervous
system, which regulates muscle move- ments and response to the sensations of touch and pain, and the autonomic nervous system that connects to internal organs and gener-
ates autonomic reflex responses. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic nervous system, which "mobilizes organs and their functions during times of stress
and arousal, and the para- sympathetic nervous system, which conserves energy and resources during times of rest and relaxation."5 (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
6. Determine the pairs of peripheral nerves
A. Cervical
B. Thoracic
C. Lumbar
D. Sacral
E. Coccygeal ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER A. Cervical- 8
B. Thoracic- 12
C. Lumbar- 5
, D. Sacral- 5
E. Coccygeal- 1
- The PNS includes spinal and peripheral nerves that carry impulses to and from the cord. A total of 31 pairs of spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord ✔✔ CORRECT
ANSWER 8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal. Each nerve has an anterior (ventral) root containing motor fibers, and a posterior (dorsal) root
containing sensory fibers. The anterior and posterior roots merge to form a short spinal nerve, <5 mm long. Spinal nerve fibers commingle with similar fibers from other
levels in plexuses outside the cord, from which peripheral nerves emerge. Most peripheral nerves contain both sensory (atterent) and motor (etterent) fibers. (Bickley)
Bickley, Lynn S. Bates' Guide to Physical Examination and History Taking, 12th Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health, 20160620. VitalBook file.
7. Determine the Cranial Nerve ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER Oflactory ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER sense of smell
A. I
B. Ii
C. III
D. IV
E. V
F. Vi
G. VII
H. VIIi
I. IX
J. X
K. Xi
L. XII ✔✔ CORRECT ANSWER XII Hypoglossal motor tongue
8. Determine the Cranial Nerve ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER Optic ✔✔
CORRECT ANSWER vision
A. II
B. I
