NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX P… 2026/2027 • Verified • Assured Grade A+
✓ VERIFIED • 2026/2027 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX
Preparation 2026/2027 UPDATE
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
with Clear, Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations) / Study Guide
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Rationales
Grade: A+ Assured
ASSURED GRADE A+
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 1
,NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX P… 2026/2027 • Verified • Assured Grade A+
Questions & Verified Answers
1. A patient with chronic heart failure presents with a weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours,
crackles in the lung bases, and peripheral edema. Which physiological mechanism is most
likely responsible for these findings?
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries
B. Decreased oncotic pressure due to protein loss
C. Increased interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D. Decreased capillary permeability
Answer: A
Rationale: In heart failure, the heart fails to pump effectively, leading to venous congestion and
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, which forces fluid into the interstitial space, causing edema
and pulmonary congestion. Exam questions often test whether you can pick the most practical and
safe choice for the client in real situations. Focus on what the nurse can actually do right now. Exam
questions often test whether you can pick the most practical and safe choice for the client in real
situations. Focus on what the nurse can actually do right now.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient with the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.31, PaCO2
50 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is the patient experiencing?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory alkalosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
Answer: C
Rationale: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg indicates a respiratory
cause. Since the HCO3 is within the normal range (22-26), it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
Knowing the reason behind the correct answer makes it easier to rule out the wrong options quickly.
Look for the choice that protects the client and matches the priority need. This knowledge supports
safe care and helps the nurse teach the client and family clearly and simply. Clear teaching improves
cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 2
, NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX P… 2026/2027 • Verified • Assured Grade A+
3. When assessing a pressure injury, the nurse observes full-thickness skin loss involving
damage to the subcutaneous tissue, but no bone, tendon, or muscle is exposed. How should
this be staged?
A. Stage 2
B. Unstageable
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 3
Answer: D
Rationale: Stage 3 pressure injuries involve full-thickness skin loss where adipose tissue is visible, but
deeper structures like fascia, muscle, or bone are not exposed. Exam questions often test whether you
can pick the most practical and safe choice for the client in real situations. Focus on what the nurse
can actually do right now. Remembering this point will help you decide the best nursing action when
similar questions appear on the exam. Link the answer to the client’s current condition and risk level.
4. A patient receiving continuous enteral feedings via a nasogastric tube develops sudden
onset dyspnea and coughing. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Check the gastric residual volume
B. Auscultate the patient’s lung sounds
C. Immediately stop the feeding infusion
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water
Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea and coughing suggest aspiration. The priority is to stop the infusion
immediately to prevent further fluid from entering the respiratory tract. Knowing the reason behind the
correct answer makes it easier to rule out the wrong options quickly. Look for the choice that protects
the client and matches the priority need. Clear understanding of this concept improves both test
performance and everyday clinical judgment. Practice applying it to short case scenarios to lock the
idea in place.
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 3
✓ VERIFIED • 2026/2027 UPDATE • 100% ACCURATE
NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX
Preparation 2026/2027 UPDATE
ACTUAL EXAM QUESTIONS & VERIFIED ANSWERS
with Clear, Detailed Rationales
Document Type: Exam (Elaborations) / Study Guide
Academic Year:
Total Questions: 50 Multiple Choice
Includes: Correct Answers + Rationales
Grade: A+ Assured
ASSURED GRADE A+
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 1
,NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX P… 2026/2027 • Verified • Assured Grade A+
Questions & Verified Answers
1. A patient with chronic heart failure presents with a weight gain of 2 kg in 24 hours,
crackles in the lung bases, and peripheral edema. Which physiological mechanism is most
likely responsible for these findings?
A. Increased hydrostatic pressure within the capillaries
B. Decreased oncotic pressure due to protein loss
C. Increased interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
D. Decreased capillary permeability
Answer: A
Rationale: In heart failure, the heart fails to pump effectively, leading to venous congestion and
increased capillary hydrostatic pressure, which forces fluid into the interstitial space, causing edema
and pulmonary congestion. Exam questions often test whether you can pick the most practical and
safe choice for the client in real situations. Focus on what the nurse can actually do right now. Exam
questions often test whether you can pick the most practical and safe choice for the client in real
situations. Focus on what the nurse can actually do right now.
2. A nurse is caring for a patient with the following arterial blood gas results: pH 7.31, PaCO2
50 mmHg, HCO3 24 mEq/L. Which acid-base imbalance is the patient experiencing?
A. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B. Compensated respiratory alkalosis
C. Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
D. Partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
Answer: C
Rationale: A pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis. A PaCO2 above 45 mmHg indicates a respiratory
cause. Since the HCO3 is within the normal range (22-26), it is uncompensated respiratory acidosis.
Knowing the reason behind the correct answer makes it easier to rule out the wrong options quickly.
Look for the choice that protects the client and matches the priority need. This knowledge supports
safe care and helps the nurse teach the client and family clearly and simply. Clear teaching improves
cooperation and reduces anxiety.
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 2
, NUR 114 Exam 3: Fundamentals of Nursing & NCLEX P… 2026/2027 • Verified • Assured Grade A+
3. When assessing a pressure injury, the nurse observes full-thickness skin loss involving
damage to the subcutaneous tissue, but no bone, tendon, or muscle is exposed. How should
this be staged?
A. Stage 2
B. Unstageable
C. Stage 4
D. Stage 3
Answer: D
Rationale: Stage 3 pressure injuries involve full-thickness skin loss where adipose tissue is visible, but
deeper structures like fascia, muscle, or bone are not exposed. Exam questions often test whether you
can pick the most practical and safe choice for the client in real situations. Focus on what the nurse
can actually do right now. Remembering this point will help you decide the best nursing action when
similar questions appear on the exam. Link the answer to the client’s current condition and risk level.
4. A patient receiving continuous enteral feedings via a nasogastric tube develops sudden
onset dyspnea and coughing. What is the priority nursing action?
A. Check the gastric residual volume
B. Auscultate the patient’s lung sounds
C. Immediately stop the feeding infusion
D. Flush the tube with 30 mL of water
Answer: C
Rationale: Sudden dyspnea and coughing suggest aspiration. The priority is to stop the infusion
immediately to prevent further fluid from entering the respiratory tract. Knowing the reason behind the
correct answer makes it easier to rule out the wrong options quickly. Look for the choice that protects
the client and matches the priority need. Clear understanding of this concept improves both test
performance and everyday clinical judgment. Practice applying it to short case scenarios to lock the
idea in place.
Exam (Elaborations) • Detailed Rationales Page 3
