Peace Treaties:
What did Lloyd-George want from the peace treaties? (4 marks)
Lloyd-George was Britain's prime minister from 1916-22. As he met with Clemenceau and
Wilson in Paris in 1919, hoped that their navy would be diminished and they would lose their
colonies. However he didn’t want Germany to be punished too severely to prevent a communist
revolution and so that they could continue trading as they had been before the war.
What did Clemenceau want from the peace treaties?(4 marks)
France’s prime minister, Clemenceau arrived at the Versailles peace conference hoping to
establish a harsh peace treaty. He believed that Germany should give them huge reparations for
the damage they had caused in France, including the restitution of Alsace Lorraine. He wanted
Germany to be split into many states so that they would lose power and would develop very
slowly economically so that they wouldn’t be able to start another war.
What did Wilson want from the peace treaties?(4 marks)
America’s 28th president, Woodrow Wilson arrived at the Paris peace conference hoping to
achieve the adoption of his peace plan, the 14 points. Some of the 14 points included the
restitution of Alsace Lorraine, countries to decide their own fate, free sea and trade during war
and peace time, and the creation of an organisation called the League of Nations. He didn’t
want a harsh treaty so that Germany wouldn’t rebel.
What were the main terms of Versailles? (4 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919. It determined the fate of Germany. It
established that Germany would have to pay reparations of £6 '600 million in 1921, which meant
they would still be paying the debt until 1980. They had to reduce the size of their military to 100
'000 men and could only have 6 battleships. Furthermore, they lost a lot of land, including
industrial land, and their country was divided by the Polish corridor. Germans also had to accept
war guilt.
What was the German reaction to Versailles?(4 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919. Germans were surprised by the treaty, as
originally they believed the treaty would be based on Wilson’s 14 points, however it was much
harsher. They were also very angry with the fact that they had to accept war guilt as it wasn’t
fair. The huge debt of £6’600 million also worried many Germans about their future.
What were the terms of other treaties?(4 marks)
Other than Versailles, other treaties were signed to punish the Central Powers. Many treaties
such as Sèvres, Trianon and St. Germain were signed over the next few years. Some included
minor reparations, however others included huge land loss and limited armies. Many areas of
the central powers would also be ruled by either Britain and France or the LON. The terms of
the other treaties were similar to Versailles, but considered to be less harsh.
,What points were involved in the treaty of Saint-Germain?(4 marks)
The treaty of Saint-Germain was a treaty created to punish Austria. Firstly the Austra-Hungarian
empire was divided. Austria also lost land to Yugoslavia, Poland and Czechoslovakia. This
caused huge economical problems as they lost a lot of industrial lands. Furthermore, it had its
army limited to 30’000 men.
What were the points of the treaty of Neuilly? (4 marks)
The treaty of Neuilly was the treaty to punish Bulgaria. Firstly they had land losses to Greece,
Romania, and Yugoslavia, as well as losing access to the Mediterranean sea. They also had to
pay 100 million in reparations.
What were the points of the treaty of Trianon? (4 marks)
The treaty of Trianon was a treaty created in order to punish Hungary. Firstly they can split up
from the Austro-Hungarian empire, as well as land losses to countries such as Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Poland. They lost roughly 3 million citizens because of this land
loss.
What were the points of the treaty of Sèvres? (4 marks)
The treaty of Sèvres was a treaty created in order to punish Turkey. Firstly they lost land to
Greece, as well as part of their empire to Britain and France. Britain and France were also
responsible for their economy from then on. They had an army limited to 50’000 men and no
airforce and navy restrictions.
Describe how Bulgaria was treated in the peace settlement. (4 marks)
- Bulgaria was forced to recognise the independence of Yugoslavia.
- Bulgaria lost territory to Greece.
- Bulgaria lost territory to Romania.
- The Bulgarian army was reduced to 20 000 men.
- Over 300 000 Bulgarian people found themselves living in Yugoslavia or Greece.
- Bulgaria had to pay reparations.
Why were the German people unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles? (6 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was the agreement which intended to prevent future wars. It was
signed on June 28, 1919 after the allies defeated the central powers.
First German people were unhappy with the treaty of Versailles as they were punished
more severely than the other central powers. Germany had to sign the ‘war guilt’ clause which
established that they were to blame for the war, so that they could be punished harshly. This
was extremely unfair to Germany as they weren’t the only ones who initially showed aggression.
Germany’s military restrictions were much harsher than a lot of the other treaties, for example
they could only have an army of 100 '000 men, 6 battleships and no airforce. The Treaty of
, Neuilly, signed in 1919, limited Bulgaria’s army to 20 '000, which was a smaller restriction in
proportion to Germany. Germany also lost huge areas of land in addition to being divided by the
Polish corridor. Germany’s massive reparations debt proceeded while other central powers such
as Hungary, couldn’t pay reparations of 100 million, so they were cancelled.
Germans were further unhappy about the consequences of their huge debt. Industrial
lands such as the Saar land were taken away from Germany as well as a lot of their natural
resources. This made it very difficult for Germany to pay off their debt. Moreover, the German
government was unstable. There was inflation and an increase in unemployment which led to
poverty. Germany’s economy was badly hit by reparations. They were also extremely
embarrassed about having a massive debt that would burden their recovery.
Why did Clemenceau and Lloyd George disagree over how to treat Germany? (6
marks)
The big three met in 1919 to discuss Germany’s fate after the great war. Clemenceau
and Lloyd George disagreed over how to treat Germany because of their differing priorities and
perspectives. Clemenceau prioritised French security and sought strong measures against
Germany, while Lloyd George was more concerned with finding a balance between addressing
security concerns and maintaining economic stability in the post-war order.
Firstly, although the allies won the war, it was at a huge cost for France. During the war,
Germany had done a lot of damage to France: A few million soldiers were dead and tens of
thousands of hectares of agricultural and industrial land were destroyed. This devastation made
the French very angry so they demanded huge reparations. Lloyd George on the other hand
thought such huge reparations would disallow Germany to recover, which wouldn’t be great for
Britain as before the war they were one of their biggest trading partners.
Next, Clemenceau wanted to prevent this kind of horrifying damage to his country again.
He wanted to cripple Germany’s economy so that and for them to be split into different states so
that they would lose the remaining power they had and so it would take them a very long time to
recover, preventing war. As France borders Germany, this would ensure the French people’s
protection. Lloyd George on the other hand believed crippling Germany’s economy would lead
to such horrible living conditions that it would be forced to have a communist revolution. The UK
is also further away from Germany, so immediate threats wouldn’t affect them.
● Clemenceau wanted a harsh treaty
● Lloyd George wanted to maintain economic stability
‘The Treaty of Versailles was a fair settlement.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
Explain your answer. (10 marks)
What did Lloyd-George want from the peace treaties? (4 marks)
Lloyd-George was Britain's prime minister from 1916-22. As he met with Clemenceau and
Wilson in Paris in 1919, hoped that their navy would be diminished and they would lose their
colonies. However he didn’t want Germany to be punished too severely to prevent a communist
revolution and so that they could continue trading as they had been before the war.
What did Clemenceau want from the peace treaties?(4 marks)
France’s prime minister, Clemenceau arrived at the Versailles peace conference hoping to
establish a harsh peace treaty. He believed that Germany should give them huge reparations for
the damage they had caused in France, including the restitution of Alsace Lorraine. He wanted
Germany to be split into many states so that they would lose power and would develop very
slowly economically so that they wouldn’t be able to start another war.
What did Wilson want from the peace treaties?(4 marks)
America’s 28th president, Woodrow Wilson arrived at the Paris peace conference hoping to
achieve the adoption of his peace plan, the 14 points. Some of the 14 points included the
restitution of Alsace Lorraine, countries to decide their own fate, free sea and trade during war
and peace time, and the creation of an organisation called the League of Nations. He didn’t
want a harsh treaty so that Germany wouldn’t rebel.
What were the main terms of Versailles? (4 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919. It determined the fate of Germany. It
established that Germany would have to pay reparations of £6 '600 million in 1921, which meant
they would still be paying the debt until 1980. They had to reduce the size of their military to 100
'000 men and could only have 6 battleships. Furthermore, they lost a lot of land, including
industrial land, and their country was divided by the Polish corridor. Germans also had to accept
war guilt.
What was the German reaction to Versailles?(4 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was signed in June 1919. Germans were surprised by the treaty, as
originally they believed the treaty would be based on Wilson’s 14 points, however it was much
harsher. They were also very angry with the fact that they had to accept war guilt as it wasn’t
fair. The huge debt of £6’600 million also worried many Germans about their future.
What were the terms of other treaties?(4 marks)
Other than Versailles, other treaties were signed to punish the Central Powers. Many treaties
such as Sèvres, Trianon and St. Germain were signed over the next few years. Some included
minor reparations, however others included huge land loss and limited armies. Many areas of
the central powers would also be ruled by either Britain and France or the LON. The terms of
the other treaties were similar to Versailles, but considered to be less harsh.
,What points were involved in the treaty of Saint-Germain?(4 marks)
The treaty of Saint-Germain was a treaty created to punish Austria. Firstly the Austra-Hungarian
empire was divided. Austria also lost land to Yugoslavia, Poland and Czechoslovakia. This
caused huge economical problems as they lost a lot of industrial lands. Furthermore, it had its
army limited to 30’000 men.
What were the points of the treaty of Neuilly? (4 marks)
The treaty of Neuilly was the treaty to punish Bulgaria. Firstly they had land losses to Greece,
Romania, and Yugoslavia, as well as losing access to the Mediterranean sea. They also had to
pay 100 million in reparations.
What were the points of the treaty of Trianon? (4 marks)
The treaty of Trianon was a treaty created in order to punish Hungary. Firstly they can split up
from the Austro-Hungarian empire, as well as land losses to countries such as Yugoslavia,
Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Poland. They lost roughly 3 million citizens because of this land
loss.
What were the points of the treaty of Sèvres? (4 marks)
The treaty of Sèvres was a treaty created in order to punish Turkey. Firstly they lost land to
Greece, as well as part of their empire to Britain and France. Britain and France were also
responsible for their economy from then on. They had an army limited to 50’000 men and no
airforce and navy restrictions.
Describe how Bulgaria was treated in the peace settlement. (4 marks)
- Bulgaria was forced to recognise the independence of Yugoslavia.
- Bulgaria lost territory to Greece.
- Bulgaria lost territory to Romania.
- The Bulgarian army was reduced to 20 000 men.
- Over 300 000 Bulgarian people found themselves living in Yugoslavia or Greece.
- Bulgaria had to pay reparations.
Why were the German people unhappy with the Treaty of Versailles? (6 marks)
The treaty of Versailles was the agreement which intended to prevent future wars. It was
signed on June 28, 1919 after the allies defeated the central powers.
First German people were unhappy with the treaty of Versailles as they were punished
more severely than the other central powers. Germany had to sign the ‘war guilt’ clause which
established that they were to blame for the war, so that they could be punished harshly. This
was extremely unfair to Germany as they weren’t the only ones who initially showed aggression.
Germany’s military restrictions were much harsher than a lot of the other treaties, for example
they could only have an army of 100 '000 men, 6 battleships and no airforce. The Treaty of
, Neuilly, signed in 1919, limited Bulgaria’s army to 20 '000, which was a smaller restriction in
proportion to Germany. Germany also lost huge areas of land in addition to being divided by the
Polish corridor. Germany’s massive reparations debt proceeded while other central powers such
as Hungary, couldn’t pay reparations of 100 million, so they were cancelled.
Germans were further unhappy about the consequences of their huge debt. Industrial
lands such as the Saar land were taken away from Germany as well as a lot of their natural
resources. This made it very difficult for Germany to pay off their debt. Moreover, the German
government was unstable. There was inflation and an increase in unemployment which led to
poverty. Germany’s economy was badly hit by reparations. They were also extremely
embarrassed about having a massive debt that would burden their recovery.
Why did Clemenceau and Lloyd George disagree over how to treat Germany? (6
marks)
The big three met in 1919 to discuss Germany’s fate after the great war. Clemenceau
and Lloyd George disagreed over how to treat Germany because of their differing priorities and
perspectives. Clemenceau prioritised French security and sought strong measures against
Germany, while Lloyd George was more concerned with finding a balance between addressing
security concerns and maintaining economic stability in the post-war order.
Firstly, although the allies won the war, it was at a huge cost for France. During the war,
Germany had done a lot of damage to France: A few million soldiers were dead and tens of
thousands of hectares of agricultural and industrial land were destroyed. This devastation made
the French very angry so they demanded huge reparations. Lloyd George on the other hand
thought such huge reparations would disallow Germany to recover, which wouldn’t be great for
Britain as before the war they were one of their biggest trading partners.
Next, Clemenceau wanted to prevent this kind of horrifying damage to his country again.
He wanted to cripple Germany’s economy so that and for them to be split into different states so
that they would lose the remaining power they had and so it would take them a very long time to
recover, preventing war. As France borders Germany, this would ensure the French people’s
protection. Lloyd George on the other hand believed crippling Germany’s economy would lead
to such horrible living conditions that it would be forced to have a communist revolution. The UK
is also further away from Germany, so immediate threats wouldn’t affect them.
● Clemenceau wanted a harsh treaty
● Lloyd George wanted to maintain economic stability
‘The Treaty of Versailles was a fair settlement.’ How far do you agree with this statement?
Explain your answer. (10 marks)
