Test Bank for McCance & Huether’s
Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for
Disease in Adults and Children (9th
Edition) by Julia Rogers |Fully covered|
Comprehensive Examination (200+ Questions with Bolded
Answers and Rationales)
CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
the student?
• a. A single circular chromosome
• b. Free-floating nuclear material
• c. No organelles
• d. A nucleus
Rationale: The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, which has histones and supercoiled
DNA within its nucleus. Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome, free-
floating nuclear material, and no organelles .
,2. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
• a. Cells can produce proteins.
• b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
• c. Cells can synthesize fats.
• d. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The other options describe other cellular functions
such as protein synthesis, secretion, and fat synthesis .
3. Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA,
contained?
• a. Mitochondria
• b. Ribosome
• c. Nucleolus
• d. Cytoplasm
Rationale: The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and DNA-binding proteins (histones) that regulate its activity.
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, and ribosomes provide sites for
protein synthesis .
4. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
, • a. Lysosomes
• b. Peroxisomes
• c. Ribosomes
• d. Endosomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂. Lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and endosomes are vesicles pinched
off from the cellular membrane .
5. Which organelle acts as the intracellular digestive system?
• a. Ribosome
• b. Golgi complex
• c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• d. Lysosomes
Rationale: Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They function as the intracellular
digestive system .
6. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
• a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
• b. Secretion of cortisol
• c. Increased retention of water
• d. Breakdown of fat
, Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to increased retention of water in the
body. Epinephrine causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. ACTH causes
increased cortisol secretion. Glucagon causes breakdown of fat .
7. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
• a. G1 phase
• b. S phase
• c. G2 phase
• d. M phase
Rationale: The S phase (synthesis phase) is when DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus.
The G₁ phase is the period between the M phase and the start of DNA synthesis. The G₂
phase is when RNA and protein synthesis occurs. The M phase includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division .
8. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
• a. Lipids
• b. Proteins
• c. Carbohydrates
• d. Nucleic acids
Rationale: Proteins in the cell membrane act as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps. They facilitate transportation across cell
membranes .
Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for
Disease in Adults and Children (9th
Edition) by Julia Rogers |Fully covered|
Comprehensive Examination (200+ Questions with Bolded
Answers and Rationales)
CHAPTER 1: CELLULAR BIOLOGY
1. A student is observing a cell under the microscope. It is observed to have
supercoiled DNA with histones. Which of the following would also be observed by
the student?
• a. A single circular chromosome
• b. Free-floating nuclear material
• c. No organelles
• d. A nucleus
Rationale: The cell described is a eukaryotic cell, which has histones and supercoiled
DNA within its nucleus. Prokaryotic cells have a single circular chromosome, free-
floating nuclear material, and no organelles .
,2. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?
• a. Cells can produce proteins.
• b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes.
• c. Cells can synthesize fats.
• d. Cells can take in and use nutrients.
Rationale: In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other
substances from their surroundings. The other options describe other cellular functions
such as protein synthesis, secretion, and fat synthesis .
3. Where is most of a cell's genetic information, including RNA and DNA,
contained?
• a. Mitochondria
• b. Ribosome
• c. Nucleolus
• d. Cytoplasm
Rationale: The nucleolus is a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of
the cellular DNA, and DNA-binding proteins (histones) that regulate its activity.
Mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, and ribosomes provide sites for
protein synthesis .
4. Which component of the cell produces hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) by using
oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative
reaction?
, • a. Lysosomes
• b. Peroxisomes
• c. Ribosomes
• d. Endosomes
Rationale: Peroxisomes contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove hydrogen atoms
from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H₂O₂. Lysosomes contain
digestive enzymes, ribosomes synthesize proteins, and endosomes are vesicles pinched
off from the cellular membrane .
5. Which organelle acts as the intracellular digestive system?
• a. Ribosome
• b. Golgi complex
• c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• d. Lysosomes
Rationale: Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and
contain more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in
proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They function as the intracellular
digestive system .
6. Which cAMP-mediated response is related to antidiuretic hormone?
• a. Increased heart rate and force of contraction
• b. Secretion of cortisol
• c. Increased retention of water
• d. Breakdown of fat
, Rationale: Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) leads to increased retention of water in the
body. Epinephrine causes increases in heart rate and force of contraction. ACTH causes
increased cortisol secretion. Glucagon causes breakdown of fat .
7. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
• a. G1 phase
• b. S phase
• c. G2 phase
• d. M phase
Rationale: The S phase (synthesis phase) is when DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus.
The G₁ phase is the period between the M phase and the start of DNA synthesis. The G₂
phase is when RNA and protein synthesis occurs. The M phase includes nuclear and
cytoplasmic division .
8. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by
acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive
active pumps?
• a. Lipids
• b. Proteins
• c. Carbohydrates
• d. Nucleic acids
Rationale: Proteins in the cell membrane act as receptors, transport channels for
electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps. They facilitate transportation across cell
membranes .
