FISDAP MEDICAL EMERGENCIES COMPREHENSIVE
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Absorbed and surface contact poisons - ✔✔corrosive substances will damage the
skin, mucous membranes, eyes, cause chemical burns, rashes, or lesions,.
acids/alkalis, petroleum (hydrocarbon) products are destructive to the skin and external
tissue.
distinguish between contact burns and contact absorption
history of exposure, liquid or powder on patient skin, burns, itching, irritation, redness of
skin, odors of substance.
avoid contaminating yourself and others
remove substance from the patient as fast as possible
remove all contaminated cothes
brush off dry powdery substances, flood/flush with water 15-20 minutes. use soap.
irrigate eyes quickly: make sure the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose outward,
initiate on scene and continue during transport; keep the patient eyes open.
✔✔ingested poisons - ✔✔80% of all poisoning is by mouth. usually accidental in
children and purposeful in adults.
GI problems, cardiac problems, neurological problems.
✔✔injected poisons - ✔✔intravenous drug abuse and envenomation by insects,
arachnids, and reptiles.
usually absorbed quickly into the body, can cause intense local tissue destruction. Often
life threatening.
,weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, unresponsiveness, excitability
monitor airway, provide high flow O2, be alert for nausea and vomiting.
remove rings, watches, bracelets from areas around the injection site if swelling occurs
if poison route or type is unknown, reassess as if unstable
✔✔Toxin emergency medical care - ✔✔perform external decontamination
remove tablets/pill fragments from the patient's mouth, wash/brush dry poison from the
skin.
assess and maintain ABCS
✔✔activated charcoal - ✔✔binds specific toxins and prevents absorption, toxins leave
the body in stool.
not indicated/ineffective with alkali, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral
acids, or organic solvent poisons.
if patient has decreased LOC or cannot protect their airway (no gag reflex), do not give
activated charcoal.
premixed suspension bottles usually contain up to 50g of activated charcoal.
usual dose for adult or child is 1g per kg of body weight.
Average in adults in 30-100g, average in children is 15-30g for children younger than
age 13.
always obtain approval from medical control.
most effective if used within 1 hour of ingestion.
shake the bottle vigorously to mix the suspension after patient rights and medical
control
looks like mud so cover it up, have patient drink with a straw
mix as needed to keep it suspended.
document any refusal
, impacts include constipation, black stools, vomiting (after which dose has to be
repeated), be prepared for vomiting, nausea, and possible airway conditions
use a large plastic garbage bag to hang on the patient as a bib.
✔✔hepatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that
causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
often seen in drug users. drug users with undiagnosed infections may bite, spit, hit, or
otherwise injure.
✔✔alcohol - ✔✔can damage the liver
1/10 deaths in US adults is caused by excessive drinking
binge use has increased more than 17% since 2005.
CNS depressant -- a sedative and hypnotic
dulls awareness, slows reflexes, reduces reaction time; may cause aggressive and
inappropriate behavior, lack of coordination.
a person who appears intoxicated may have other medical problems. Look for signs of
head trauma, mental illness, toxic reactions, uncontrolled diabetes
severe acute alcohol consumption may cause hypoglycemia
assume all intoxicated patients have a drug overdose and transport immediately with
ABC support.
alcohol increases the effects of other drugs. OTC drugs (antihistamines, diet meds) can
cause serious complications when taken with alcohol.
beware of DTs
✔✔sedative - ✔✔a substance that decreases activity and excitement
✔✔hypnotic - ✔✔a sleep - inducing effect or agent
✔✔delirium tremens (DTs) - ✔✔a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alocholics who
are deprived of ethyl alchol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating,
disorientation, agitation, and seizures. can be fatal if untreated.
1-7 days after a person stops drinking/decreases drinking.
hallucinations come and go. mental state may be stable otherwise.
ANSWERS AND QUESTIONS SET A+
✔✔Absorbed and surface contact poisons - ✔✔corrosive substances will damage the
skin, mucous membranes, eyes, cause chemical burns, rashes, or lesions,.
acids/alkalis, petroleum (hydrocarbon) products are destructive to the skin and external
tissue.
distinguish between contact burns and contact absorption
history of exposure, liquid or powder on patient skin, burns, itching, irritation, redness of
skin, odors of substance.
avoid contaminating yourself and others
remove substance from the patient as fast as possible
remove all contaminated cothes
brush off dry powdery substances, flood/flush with water 15-20 minutes. use soap.
irrigate eyes quickly: make sure the fluid runs from the bridge of the nose outward,
initiate on scene and continue during transport; keep the patient eyes open.
✔✔ingested poisons - ✔✔80% of all poisoning is by mouth. usually accidental in
children and purposeful in adults.
GI problems, cardiac problems, neurological problems.
✔✔injected poisons - ✔✔intravenous drug abuse and envenomation by insects,
arachnids, and reptiles.
usually absorbed quickly into the body, can cause intense local tissue destruction. Often
life threatening.
,weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, unresponsiveness, excitability
monitor airway, provide high flow O2, be alert for nausea and vomiting.
remove rings, watches, bracelets from areas around the injection site if swelling occurs
if poison route or type is unknown, reassess as if unstable
✔✔Toxin emergency medical care - ✔✔perform external decontamination
remove tablets/pill fragments from the patient's mouth, wash/brush dry poison from the
skin.
assess and maintain ABCS
✔✔activated charcoal - ✔✔binds specific toxins and prevents absorption, toxins leave
the body in stool.
not indicated/ineffective with alkali, cyanide, ethanol, iron, lithium, methanol, mineral
acids, or organic solvent poisons.
if patient has decreased LOC or cannot protect their airway (no gag reflex), do not give
activated charcoal.
premixed suspension bottles usually contain up to 50g of activated charcoal.
usual dose for adult or child is 1g per kg of body weight.
Average in adults in 30-100g, average in children is 15-30g for children younger than
age 13.
always obtain approval from medical control.
most effective if used within 1 hour of ingestion.
shake the bottle vigorously to mix the suspension after patient rights and medical
control
looks like mud so cover it up, have patient drink with a straw
mix as needed to keep it suspended.
document any refusal
, impacts include constipation, black stools, vomiting (after which dose has to be
repeated), be prepared for vomiting, nausea, and possible airway conditions
use a large plastic garbage bag to hang on the patient as a bib.
✔✔hepatitis - ✔✔inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a viral infection, that
causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function.
often seen in drug users. drug users with undiagnosed infections may bite, spit, hit, or
otherwise injure.
✔✔alcohol - ✔✔can damage the liver
1/10 deaths in US adults is caused by excessive drinking
binge use has increased more than 17% since 2005.
CNS depressant -- a sedative and hypnotic
dulls awareness, slows reflexes, reduces reaction time; may cause aggressive and
inappropriate behavior, lack of coordination.
a person who appears intoxicated may have other medical problems. Look for signs of
head trauma, mental illness, toxic reactions, uncontrolled diabetes
severe acute alcohol consumption may cause hypoglycemia
assume all intoxicated patients have a drug overdose and transport immediately with
ABC support.
alcohol increases the effects of other drugs. OTC drugs (antihistamines, diet meds) can
cause serious complications when taken with alcohol.
beware of DTs
✔✔sedative - ✔✔a substance that decreases activity and excitement
✔✔hypnotic - ✔✔a sleep - inducing effect or agent
✔✔delirium tremens (DTs) - ✔✔a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alocholics who
are deprived of ethyl alchol; characterized by restlessness, fever, sweating,
disorientation, agitation, and seizures. can be fatal if untreated.
1-7 days after a person stops drinking/decreases drinking.
hallucinations come and go. mental state may be stable otherwise.
