Chapter 6 > Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
-
:
The molecule of life has 2
key features
1. The to store information
ability
.
2 The
ability to
copy itself
accurately
The Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
·
Both are macromolecules/nucleic acids
Made
·
of monomers called nucleotides
They
·
are
polynucleotides (chain of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds) .
Nucleotides
Made of 3 smaller components
-1 .
Nitrogen containing base
In DNA: Adenine guanine thy mine
·
and
, , cytosine
In :
RNA Adenine guanine
, ,
Uracil and
cytosine
Adenine and related to the chemical purine 2
rings in it's structure
guanine are
,
.
Thymine
·
it's
, cytosine and uracil are related to the chemical
pyrimidine ,
I
ring in structure .
. Pentose Sugar
- 2
2 pentoses
·
are found in nucleic acids , ribose and deoxyribose
3 Phosphate group
-
.
·
Gives nucleic acids their acidic nature
The Structure of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate =
nucleotide
·
3 components
·
-
Adenine ,
ribose and phosphate
Adenine plus ribose forms base adenosine which be be combined 1, 2 3 phosphate to
a
sugar ,
can With ,
groups give
adenosine monophosphate (AMP) adenosine di phosphate (ADP) adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
, ,
, Dinucleotides and poly nucleotides
Two
·
nucleotides can be joined together by a condensation reaction
Molecule formed
by joining 2 nucleotides dinucleotide
,
.
The bond formed , phosphodiester bond
↳
phosphate group now involved has 2 ester bonds ,
one to each of the sugars it is connected to .
The process
·
can be repeated several million times to form a
long unbranching polynucleotide .
Sugars and
·
phosphates linked form from
are to a backbone which the bases Stick out
Sideways at right angles to the backbone
The Structure of DNA
The 5/3 prime refer to carbon atoms 5 and 3 the
or
Sugar
2 ends S'(phosphate group) 3'
(Sugar) .
·
of the DNA Strand are called ,
and
:
DNA molecule features
·
Made of two
polynucleotide chains
Each
·
chain is a
right handed helix
Double
·
helix
·tipedebahbon is a
AT CG
·
complementary base pairing
-
>
,
I
↓
2hb 34b
Purine always pairs with
pyrimidine
Complete turn of a double helix takes place
every
10 base pairs
Structure of RNA
Single polynucleotide
·
Strand
mRNA-messenger RNA ,
unfolded Strand
tRNA- > transfer RNA , complex Structure fold
rRNA-ribosomal RNA
, complex structure fold
-
:
The molecule of life has 2
key features
1. The to store information
ability
.
2 The
ability to
copy itself
accurately
The Structure of DNA and RNA
DNA Stands for deoxyribonucleic acid
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid
·
Both are macromolecules/nucleic acids
Made
·
of monomers called nucleotides
They
·
are
polynucleotides (chain of nucleotides joined by phosphodiester bonds) .
Nucleotides
Made of 3 smaller components
-1 .
Nitrogen containing base
In DNA: Adenine guanine thy mine
·
and
, , cytosine
In :
RNA Adenine guanine
, ,
Uracil and
cytosine
Adenine and related to the chemical purine 2
rings in it's structure
guanine are
,
.
Thymine
·
it's
, cytosine and uracil are related to the chemical
pyrimidine ,
I
ring in structure .
. Pentose Sugar
- 2
2 pentoses
·
are found in nucleic acids , ribose and deoxyribose
3 Phosphate group
-
.
·
Gives nucleic acids their acidic nature
The Structure of ATP
Adenosine triphosphate =
nucleotide
·
3 components
·
-
Adenine ,
ribose and phosphate
Adenine plus ribose forms base adenosine which be be combined 1, 2 3 phosphate to
a
sugar ,
can With ,
groups give
adenosine monophosphate (AMP) adenosine di phosphate (ADP) adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
, ,
, Dinucleotides and poly nucleotides
Two
·
nucleotides can be joined together by a condensation reaction
Molecule formed
by joining 2 nucleotides dinucleotide
,
.
The bond formed , phosphodiester bond
↳
phosphate group now involved has 2 ester bonds ,
one to each of the sugars it is connected to .
The process
·
can be repeated several million times to form a
long unbranching polynucleotide .
Sugars and
·
phosphates linked form from
are to a backbone which the bases Stick out
Sideways at right angles to the backbone
The Structure of DNA
The 5/3 prime refer to carbon atoms 5 and 3 the
or
Sugar
2 ends S'(phosphate group) 3'
(Sugar) .
·
of the DNA Strand are called ,
and
:
DNA molecule features
·
Made of two
polynucleotide chains
Each
·
chain is a
right handed helix
Double
·
helix
·tipedebahbon is a
AT CG
·
complementary base pairing
-
>
,
I
↓
2hb 34b
Purine always pairs with
pyrimidine
Complete turn of a double helix takes place
every
10 base pairs
Structure of RNA
Single polynucleotide
·
Strand
mRNA-messenger RNA ,
unfolded Strand
tRNA- > transfer RNA , complex Structure fold
rRNA-ribosomal RNA
, complex structure fold
