,Test Bank for Fundamentals of Nursing: The Art and Science of Person-
Centered Care, 10th Edition | Complete Chapters 1–47
Question 1
A nurse is applying the principles of person-centered care when
developing a plan of care for an older adult client. Which action best
demonstrates this philosophy?
• A. Following the standardized hospital clinical pathway for post-
operative care without deviation.
• B. Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery
goals and preferences.
• C. Prioritizing institutional routines over personal schedules to
ensure staff efficiency.
• D. Limiting communication to direct medical updates delivered
strictly to the primary physician.
Correct Answer: B. Involving the client and their family in setting daily
recovery goals and preferences.
Detailed Rationale: Person-centered care focuses on the individual as
the center of practice, respecting their values, preferences, and
expressed needs, and actively involving them and their support systems
in care decisions.
Question 2
A newly licensed nurse is reviewing the historical evolution of nursing.
The nurse correctly identifies which figure as the pioneer who defined
,nursing as both an art and a science, established modern nursing
education, and emphasized sanitary conditions?
• A. Clara Barton
• B. Dorothea Dix
• C. Florence Nightingale
• D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C. Florence Nightingale
Detailed Rationale: Florence Nightingale defined nursing as an art and a
science, elevated nursing to a respected occupation, founded modern
nursing education, and stressed the critical role of environmental
sanitation in patient recovery.
Question 3
A nurse is utilizing the nursing process to deliver care. Which of the
following represents the correct sequential steps of this problem-
solving framework?
• A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
• B. Diagnosis, Assessment, Implementation, Planning, Evaluation
• C. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation
• D. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Detailed Rationale: The nursing process consists of five distinct,
interrelated steps: Assessment (gathering data), Diagnosis (identifying
, client problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (executing the plan), and Evaluation (assessing
outcomes).
Question 4
A nurse is performing a focused health assessment on a newly admitted
client. Which type of data represents subjective data collected during
the interview?
• A. Blood pressure reading of 130/82 mm Hg
• B. Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower
abdomen."
• C. Observed visible skin pallor and diaphoresis
• D. Laboratory report showing a hemoglobin level of 11.2 g/dL
Correct Answer: B. Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in
my lower abdomen."
Detailed Rationale: Subjective data, or symptoms, consist of
information perceived and reported by the client (such as feelings,
perceptions, and pain descriptions). Blood pressure, pallor, and lab
values are objective data (signs) observed or measured by the clinician.
Question 5
A nurse is reviewing the code of ethics for nurses established by the
American Nurses Association (ANA). A nurse who advocates for a
vulnerable client's right to refuse a recommended treatment is
demonstrating which ethical principle?
• A. Beneficence
Centered Care, 10th Edition | Complete Chapters 1–47
Question 1
A nurse is applying the principles of person-centered care when
developing a plan of care for an older adult client. Which action best
demonstrates this philosophy?
• A. Following the standardized hospital clinical pathway for post-
operative care without deviation.
• B. Involving the client and their family in setting daily recovery
goals and preferences.
• C. Prioritizing institutional routines over personal schedules to
ensure staff efficiency.
• D. Limiting communication to direct medical updates delivered
strictly to the primary physician.
Correct Answer: B. Involving the client and their family in setting daily
recovery goals and preferences.
Detailed Rationale: Person-centered care focuses on the individual as
the center of practice, respecting their values, preferences, and
expressed needs, and actively involving them and their support systems
in care decisions.
Question 2
A newly licensed nurse is reviewing the historical evolution of nursing.
The nurse correctly identifies which figure as the pioneer who defined
,nursing as both an art and a science, established modern nursing
education, and emphasized sanitary conditions?
• A. Clara Barton
• B. Dorothea Dix
• C. Florence Nightingale
• D. Linda Richards
Correct Answer: C. Florence Nightingale
Detailed Rationale: Florence Nightingale defined nursing as an art and a
science, elevated nursing to a respected occupation, founded modern
nursing education, and stressed the critical role of environmental
sanitation in patient recovery.
Question 3
A nurse is utilizing the nursing process to deliver care. Which of the
following represents the correct sequential steps of this problem-
solving framework?
• A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
• B. Diagnosis, Assessment, Implementation, Planning, Evaluation
• C. Assessment, Planning, Diagnosis, Evaluation, Implementation
• D. Planning, Assessment, Diagnosis, Implementation, Evaluation
Correct Answer: A. Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation,
Evaluation
Detailed Rationale: The nursing process consists of five distinct,
interrelated steps: Assessment (gathering data), Diagnosis (identifying
, client problems), Planning (setting goals and interventions),
Implementation (executing the plan), and Evaluation (assessing
outcomes).
Question 4
A nurse is performing a focused health assessment on a newly admitted
client. Which type of data represents subjective data collected during
the interview?
• A. Blood pressure reading of 130/82 mm Hg
• B. Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in my lower
abdomen."
• C. Observed visible skin pallor and diaphoresis
• D. Laboratory report showing a hemoglobin level of 11.2 g/dL
Correct Answer: B. Client statement of "I have a sharp, burning pain in
my lower abdomen."
Detailed Rationale: Subjective data, or symptoms, consist of
information perceived and reported by the client (such as feelings,
perceptions, and pain descriptions). Blood pressure, pallor, and lab
values are objective data (signs) observed or measured by the clinician.
Question 5
A nurse is reviewing the code of ethics for nurses established by the
American Nurses Association (ANA). A nurse who advocates for a
vulnerable client's right to refuse a recommended treatment is
demonstrating which ethical principle?
• A. Beneficence
